In order to boost egg production in hens, some poultry farmers may choose to increase the vitamin content in their feed. However, this practice can lead to hypervitaminosis, which negatively affects both growth and egg-laying performance. It is crucial that vitamin supplementation follows strict guidelines, as excessive amounts can be harmful to the hens.
For example, the recommended level of vitamin A in laying hen feed is 4,000 international units per kilogram. If this amount is exceeded, it can result in hypervitaminosis A, causing symptoms such as depression, convulsions, reduced feed intake, and even complete loss of appetite. In severe cases, feather loss may also occur.
Similarly, vitamin D should be provided at a rate of 500 international units per kilogram of feed. Over-supplementation can cause excessive calcium mobilization from bones, increased intestinal absorption of calcium, and elevated blood calcium levels. This can lead to calcification in soft tissues like arteries, joints, kidneys, and the heart, resulting in symptoms such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, kidney stones, and potentially fatal uremia.
Vitamin E should be included at 5 international units per kilogram of feed. Excessive amounts can disrupt fat metabolism, leading to severe health issues, including death from fat overload or poisoning.
Lastly, vitamin K should be provided at 0.5 mg per kilogram of feed. Too much vitamin K can irritate the gastrointestinal lining, causing loss of appetite, lethargy, and a decline in egg production. In extreme cases, hens may stop laying eggs altogether.
It's important for poultry farmers to follow feeding standards carefully to ensure the health and productivity of their flock. Always consult with a veterinarian or nutritionist when adjusting vitamin levels in feed.
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