Agricultural fungicides are a type of **pesticide** designed to directly kill fungal or bacterial spores and mycelia, or to inhibit the growth and development of pathogens. These chemicals play a crucial role in protecting crops from diseases, especially in fruit tree cultivation where early intervention is essential for successful harvests.
Fungicides should be applied before and during the onset of crop diseases. Unlike insecticides, which target pests when they reach a certain threshold, fungicides follow a different principle—**prevention is key**. This means that effective control must begin before symptoms appear or in the early stages of infection. Once damage has occurred, even the most effective fungicide may struggle to reverse the situation, leading to poor yields or total loss in some cases.
There are two main types of agricultural fungicides: **protective** and **systemic**. Protective fungicides form a barrier on the plant surface, preventing pathogen entry, but do not have a curative effect. They are most effective when applied before disease outbreaks. On the other hand, systemic fungicides are absorbed by the plant and can kill pathogens that have already invaded. However, their effectiveness decreases if the disease is too advanced, and repeated use may lead to resistance. Therefore, it's best to apply them at the first sign of infection.
When using fungicides, several important considerations should be taken into account. First, proper mixing is essential. Different formulations, such as wettable powders, suspensions, and liquid concentrates, require specific mixing procedures to ensure even distribution. For example, when preparing a suspension, water should be added to the tank first, followed by the correct amount of active ingredient, then mixed thoroughly before adding the remaining water.
Second, the quality of spraying significantly affects the performance of the fungicide. The spray should be fine mist rather than large droplets, ensuring full coverage on both sides of the leaves. This allows the protective film to form effectively, reducing the risk of infection. Poor spraying techniques can leave parts of the plant unprotected, increasing the chance of disease spread.
Third, many farmers combine fungicides with insecticides or acaricides for broader protection. However, long-term use of systemic fungicides can lead to the development of resistant strains. To prevent this, it’s advisable to rotate or mix them with compounds like mancozeb or inorganic sulfur. Additionally, compatibility between different products is important—some chemicals, like mancozeb, should not be mixed with copper-based products or strong alkaline pesticides. If mixing is necessary, there should be a safe interval of at least 7–10 days between applications.
For more detailed information on agricultural pesticides and their proper usage, visit **China’s Pesticide Network**, the most comprehensive source of pesticide-related information.
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