1 celery spot blight
Hazard characteristics: mainly damage to the leaves, petioles and stems can also be affected.
Leaf disease: Starting from the lower old leaves, the middle part of the lesion is brown and necrotic, the outer edge is mostly dark reddish brown and obvious, and a small amount of small black spots are scattered in the middle. There is usually a yellow halo outside the lesion.
Incidence of petiole or stem: The lesion is initially brown and water-stained, and then spreads into a light brown oval-shaped lesion with a slight depression, with small black spots scattered in the middle. In severe cases, the leaves are dry and the stems are rotten.
Control method:
1 Carry out rotation; thoroughly remove the diseased residues in the field after harvesting; select the land with higher terrain; rationally close planting; timely drainage after rain, prohibit flood irrigation; apply sufficient base fertilizer, pay attention to fertilizer and water management during growth; timely remove diseased leaves and disease stems Wait.
2 Seed treatment: soaking in warm water at 55 ° C for 15 minutes, stirring while dip, then cooling with cold water, drying and sowing. It can also be soaked for 4 to 6 hours with 100 times 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics.
3 In the early stage of the disease, the following agents can be used for prevention and treatment: propiconazole; flusilazole + chlorothalonil; difenoconazole + propyl zinc.
2 celery soft rot
Hazard characteristics: mainly damage to the base of petiole, from the seedling stage to the adult stage. First, there are water-stained, light-brown spindle-shaped or irregular-shaped depression spots, which then rapidly expand to the inside. When the humidity is high, it is wet and rot, and the vascular bundle becomes black and smelly.
Control method:
1 can be rotated with wheat, rice and other crops for 2 to 3 years; select flat land plot planting, pay attention to planting density; apply sufficient base fertilizer, reasonable water and fertilizer management; remove field diseased bodies after harvest, expose soil and promote diseased bodies break down.
2 Seed treatment: Soaking seeds with 72% agricultural streptomycin WP 1000 times or 3% carbendazim WP 500 times, then rinse with water for germination.
3 In the early stage of the disease, the following agents can be used for prevention and treatment: chunleimycin; streptomycin sulfate; hydratedmycin, or thiazole zinc. Focus on spraying the base of the diseased plant and the surface, so that the effect of the liquid into the cabbage is good.
3 celery sclerotinia
Hazard characteristics: mainly celery stems and leaves. The affected part was initially brownish-watery, with soft rot formed when the humidity was high, and white hyphae were formed on the surface, and then the black sclerotia of the mouse feces was formed.
Control method:
1 and non-umbelliferous vegetable rotation for 2 to 3 years; reasonable close planting, celery proper planting; selection of land that is not easy to accumulate water; timely deep ploughing or irrigation after harvest, or closed shed for 7 to 10 days, using high temperature Kill the surface sclerotia.
2 seed treatment. Seeds were selected with 10% saline, washed with water, and dried for sowing.
3 In the early stage of the disease, the following agents can be used for prevention and treatment: sclerotium net + captan; thiabendazole + thiram, or procymidone + trichloroisocyanuric acid, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days.
4 celery early blight
Hazard characteristics: mainly damage to leaves, petioles and stems. Leaf damage: initially water-stained fading green near-round small spots, gradually developing large circular or irregular large lesions, center gray-brown, yellow halo on the outer edge; severely enlarged lesions into plaque And finally died. Damage to the stem or petiole: dark brown, slightly concave. The whole plant is seriously ill.
Control method:
1 Carry out rotation; and timely spray new high-fat film on the ground to protect the water from evaporation, prevent soil layer, and isolate the source of pests; rationally fertilize and remove the sick body in time.
2 seed treatment. Soaking seeds with warm water at 50 ° C for 30 minutes, or seed dressing with 70% mancozeb wettable powder with a seed weight of 0.4%.
3 In the early stage of the disease, the following agents can be used for prevention and treatment: zinc bromide; difenoconazole + daisenlian, or procymidone + daisen zinc, spray once every 5 to 7 days.
5 celery virus disease
Hazard characteristics: The disease occurs in the whole plant. The diseased leaves are characterized by the veins of the veins and yellow, green and white, and yellow spots or brown dead spots appear, and the whole plant is yellow. When it is severe, it curls, the plant is dwarfed, the heart and leaves are shortened, and the leaves are deformed, twisted and even dead.
Control method:
1 Adopt rotation method to reduce the occurrence of diseases; apply sufficient base fertilizer to strengthen field management. Sunshade should be set up during high temperature and drought. Remove the diseased plants in time.
2 found that mites timely prevention and control, to avoid the spread of the virus.
3 before the onset, available Ningnanmycin; ribavirin, or èƒ èƒ? copper acetate, depending on the condition of the disease every 5 to 7 days spray.
6 celery verticillium
Hazard characteristics: The plant grows slowly, gradually yellowing, and the leaves are dull and dull. In severe cases, the leaves and veins are yellow and green. The vascular bundles of the diseased stems are brown, and the roots rot cause the whole plant to die.
Control method:
1 Rotating with onion, garlic, vegetables or rice for more than 4 years; planting the field in the high-temperature shack after harvesting; selecting a relatively flat plot for planting; applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and ploughing in a reasonable irrigation.
2 Soil treatment: Mix 50% carbendazim WP 2kg + 50% Fumei double wettable powder 2～3kg and 50kg dry soil per acre for disinfection in colonization.
3 After planting and slowing down the seedlings: 70% methyl thiophanate WP 500 times liquid + 70% dipyridamole WP 1500 times liquid spray stem base.
4 early onset, available: methyl thiophanate + dipyridamole, allicin, or polyoxymycin.
7 celery black rot
Hazard characteristics: mainly damage to the rhizome and petiole base, mostly infected near the ground, and sometimes infested roots. After the disease, the affected part first turned grayish brown, and expanded to become dark green to dark brown. After the rupture, the subcutaneous infected tissue became black and rot, especially the root crown was perishable, the leaves drooped and were withered, and the decay was rarely upward or Downward, the disease department gave birth to many small black spots. Severe outer leaves rot and fall off.
Control method:
1 Rotate with non-umbrella flower vegetables for more than 2 years; open drainage ditch to avoid hoarding water; rational fertilization and watering, covered with sunshade net in summer.
2 In the early stage of the disease, the following agents can be used for prevention and treatment: chlorothalonil; cuprous oxide; thiophanate-methyl, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 times. Within the protected area, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol can be used in 250g per acre to close the greenhouse for smoking in the evening.
8 celery black spot
Hazard characteristics: mainly damage to the leaves, the lesions are dark brown, nearly round, the edges are clear, and the lesions are easy to crack and break. It can also be harmful to the roots and necks of the near surface and the base of the petiole. The diseased part becomes black and plaque, and many small black spots are produced on it. These small black spots are conidia. The diseased plants are short and thin, and due to the bottom rot, 1 to 2 layers of petioles outside the plant are easy to fall off.
Control method:
1 Execution of more than 2 years of rotation; use excellent disease-resistant varieties, should be sun-dried before planting; strengthen management, timely drainage after rain; at the same time, protect the ground watering should be sunny morning, increase ventilation after pouring, prevent high temperature and high humidity ; timely removal of diseased plants.
2 From the early stage to the initial stage, available: chlorothalonil; iprodione, or metalaxyl? manganese zinc, spray once every 9 to 11 days, for 2 to 4 times.
9 celery root rot
Hazard characteristics: It can occur in all growth stages, mainly affecting the roots and stem bases. The invaded parts begin to produce water-immersed reddish-brown spots. After a few days, they turn dark brown or dark brown, slightly sunken, and the leaves turn yellow. Developed on, but the leaves do not fall off. The main root is rotted or necrotic and has fewer lateral roots.
Control method:
1 row rotation, seedling soil with no pathogens or bed soil disinfection; addition of bio-organic fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to reduce and prevent single use of nitrogen fertilizer; at the same time, deep tillage, increase soil permeability.
2 In the early stage of the disease, the following agents can be used for prevention and treatment: carbendazim; carbendazim, or metalaxyl root irrigation, once every 10 days, and even twice.
10 celery gray mold
Hazard characteristics: general local onset, starting from the leaves of the plants with condensation or the leaves of the lower part of the wound, petiole or yellowish weak outer leaves first, the first watery, after the disease softened, rot or wilting, the Minister of Disease Gray mold layer. Long-term high humidity, the whole plant of celery rots.
Control method:
1 Protecting the celery adopts the ecological control method to strengthen the ventilation management; the watering should be carried out in the morning, and the watering should be properly controlled in the early stage of the disease to prevent excessive excess. After each watering, strengthen the management to prevent condensation.
2 Protected land can be applied with 15% procymidone, 200g per acre, or 45% chlorothalonil, 250g per mu, 1 night, every 7 to 8 days, or sprayed in the evening. % chlorothalonil dust is 21 kg per mu, once every 9 days, depending on the condition and other bactericide rotations alternately.
2 In the early stage of the disease, start spraying: chlorpyrifos; procymidone, or cyprodinil, due to the resistance of gray mold, it is recommended to minimize the amount of application and the number of applications, pay attention to alternate rotation and mixed application. Spray once every 14 days, 2 to 3 times in a row.
11 celery root knot nematode
Hazard characteristics: This disease is only harmful to the roots. After the celery is killed, the plants on the ground are not obvious, the heavy ones are poorly grown, the plants are relatively short, and the plants are wilting when the temperature is high at noon. After the temperature is low or watered in the morning and evening, the temporarily wilted plants can return to normal. .
The roots are most vulnerable to lateral roots and fibrous roots. There are different root knots of different sizes, which begin to appear white and then become light brown. The root knot is cut open, and there is a small milky white nematode in the diseased tissue.
Control method:
1 Incubate the insect-free seedlings; carry out the cropping of the crops; select the sunny days before sowing or planting to turn the soil deeper by 30cm.
2 Pharmacy treatment of soil, 15 days before sowing: 10% thiazolyl granules, or 0.5% avermectin granules 2 kg, 40 kg of fine soil mixed and sprinkled on the ground, deep 25 cm, up to Control effect.
3 In the early stage of the disease: 0.8% avermectin microcapsule suspension agent 0.96 g per mu, the effect period is about 14 days.
12 celery sickness
Hazard characteristics: When the seedlings are not unearthed, the disease occurs as the embryo stems and cotyledons rot and die. At the beginning of the seedling, the base of the stem is water-soaked, and the diseased part becomes yellowish brown and gradually becomes thin. The seedlings die due to the loss of support on the ground, and the leaves remain generally green and not wilting. Under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, a white, cotton-like hyphae grows on the surface of the diseased plant and on the surface of the pathogen.
Control method:
1 Select resistant varieties and choose to sow in the disease-free plots with high dry terrain, leeward sunny, difficult to accumulate water, loose soil and fertile soil; the soil fertilizer applied in the seedbed should be fully decomposed to prevent pathogens from being brought into the nursery bed.
2 Seed treatment: Soak seeds for 45~50°C in warm water for 10~15min before sowing, and then soak for 4~6 hours with warm water at 20~30°C, then wash with water, dry and sow.
3 Soil disinfection: Before sowing, use 50% carbendazim wettable powder, spray 10% per square meter of cockroach with 15% oxalic acid 80~120ml solution into the soil, or add 30~40kg fine Mix the soil and sprinkle it into the pot, then mix the soil in the pot.
4 foliar spray: spray 70% carbendazim WP 1800 times solution, or 70% Daisen water dispersion granules 500~600 times solution, or 30% azoxystrobin WP 1200~1500 times solution.
13 celery rust
Hazard characteristics: mainly damage to leaves, petioles and stems. Many leaves on the leaf are fading spots, which are arranged in spots or strips. They turn brown and have a blistering bulge in the center. The erythema ruptures and leaves orange-yellow to red-brown powder. In the later stage, dark brown blister spots are formed on and near the blister, which can cause dryness of leaves and stems.
Control method:
1 Rotate with non-Compositae vegetables for 2~3 years; apply sufficient base fertilizer to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; strengthen field management, moderate dense planting, and timely drainage after rain.
2 In the early stage of the disease, spray phenyl ether A-propyl ring; diniconazole, or tebuconazole, once every 10 days, for 2 to 3 times.
Prevention of celery
During the growth of celery, especially in the middle and late stages, white spots, hollows, or lateral and longitudinal cracks of the petiole often appear on the transverse section of the petiole. The reasons and solutions for this are described below:
[Born Boron in Soil] This is the main cause of cracking of the petiole. Solution: Use 0.5~1 kg of borax per 667m2 as base fertilizer. Once a slight crack is found, use 0.2%~0.5% borax aqueous solution for foliar spray or 0.25% borax aqueous solution.
[Inappropriate seeding period or less nitrogen fertilizer] The planting of the open field autumn plant is too late, and the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the plant growth is poor, the harvesting season does not reach the harvesting standard, and in the case of delayed harvesting, it is susceptible to low temperature, Invasion of the cold wave, softening of the petiole, aggravating the hollow phenomenon. Therefore, all localities should determine the appropriate sowing date according to local climatic conditions and cultivation facilities, and strengthen fertilizer and water management before and during the growth period to provide sufficient nitrogen fertilizer.
[The plants are frozen] Celery is not tolerant to severe cold, and the symptoms of freezing are prone to occur when the temperature is below 0 °C or below 0 °C. When the plant is seriously frozen, the petiole structure is destroyed. After the temperature rises, the tissue cannot be recovered, and the cell gap increases, resulting in hollowness. Therefore, in order to prevent freezing during the cultivation process, insulation measures should be adopted to avoid over-wintering in the open field.
[Variety Degradation] Celery and ordinary celery are prone to natural hybridization, so celery must be strictly isolated from other celery varieties when seeding. At the same time, in the process of seed production, some hollow plants should be prevented from seeding, so as to avoid tens of thousands of hollow plants. The proportion has risen.
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(Source: Crop Disease Control Atlas)
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