In the universe we know, one in ten substances are in a state of "missing", which is invisible and intangible. But their gravitational forces can affect the parts of the material we can see, and we can only perceive their existence in this way. Researchers use the adjective "dark" to describe these missing energies and substances. They seem to exist for sure, but they do not interact with "bright matter" in any way that we can detect. And ourselves, and everything we can see, are among the bright substances.
Scientists attempt to solve all the mysteries of dark matter with the "dark photons" that exist in theory.
The Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics is launching a new project called Padme, trying to solve all the mysteries of dark matter with the theoretically "dark photons". If they do find a dark photon, they will become evidence of the existence of the fifth force in the universe. For the physical world, this will be an amazing big news.
According to the British newspaper The Guardian, these Italian researchers plan to bombard diamond flakes with a bunch of positrons (ie, anti-particles of electrons). Under normal circumstances, positrons and electrons collide with each other and annihilate each other, and produce a pair of ordinary photons. But if a dark photon really exists, then every time a positron and an electron annihilate, a dark photon and an ordinary photon should be produced instead of two ordinary photons.
The researchers hope that the positron beam used in the Padme experiment will collide with enough electrons in the diamond to produce a dark photon. The Padme experiment cannot directly detect this dark photon, but as long as there is one ordinary photon in the product, the existence of this dark photon can be proved. If positive and negative electron annihilation can produce dark photons, on the surface, it seems that some of the energy disappears out of thin air, because this part of the energy enters the "dark" field we can't see.
If this happens, the researchers can confirm the presence of dark photons and measure their quality. (It is reported that, unlike ordinary photons, dark photons are of a quality.) This evidence not only proves the existence of a new particle, but also proves that there is a new force in the universe.
There are four different forces in the "light universe." Electromagnetic force has light energy and is responsible for the mutual restraint between atoms (you don't slide down the chair, it is also the credit of the electromagnetic force). Strong interaction forces are responsible for constraining the particles inside the atom. Weak interaction forces can cause atomic splitting and decay. Gravity is the fourth force. It not only holds you firmly on the earth, but also dominates the movement of all kinds of celestial bodies in the universe.
If the dark photon really exists, it can be proved that there is a fifth basic force in the universe: dark electromagnetic force. This time the Padme experiment really found a dark photon (this "if" is a very bold assumption, because all the previous searches for dark photons have nothing to gain), the entire physics textbook will be rewritten accordingly.
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