Selenium is a vital micronutrient essential for both humans and animals. It plays a crucial role as the active component of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage. Selenium supports immune function, liver health, and even has anti-aging properties. As an essential nutrient, it's critical for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body. However, in China, about 72% of regions suffer from selenium deficiency, with more than two-thirds of feed and pasture areas containing less than 0.05 mg/kg of selenium. This lack of selenium can lead to various health issues in animals, making supplementation in feed a necessary practice.
Selenium compounds are generally categorized into organic and inorganic forms. Organic selenium, such as that found in selenium-enriched yeast, offers higher bioavailability and lower toxicity compared to its inorganic counterpart. It is more easily absorbed by the body and is considered a safer and more effective source of this essential trace element. Given China's widespread selenium deficiency, using selenium-enriched yeast in animal feed presents a promising solution to meet nutritional needs.
Selenium-enriched yeast is produced through a fermentation process where yeast converts inorganic selenium into organic forms within its cells. This results in a compound with high biological activity and low toxicity. Studies have shown that the body absorbs organic selenium up to 20 times more efficiently than inorganic selenium. Therefore, selenium-enriched yeast is a valuable supplement, especially in regions where natural dietary sources of selenium are insufficient.
**1. The Physiological Functions of Selenium-Enriched Yeast**
Currently, selenium-enriched yeast is widely used in animal feed due to its numerous health benefits. Its main physiological functions include:
**1.1 Antioxidant Effects**
Selenium acts as a cofactor for several important enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, which plays a key role in neutralizing harmful free radicals. By enhancing antioxidant defenses, selenium helps protect cell membranes and improve overall cellular function. It also supports sperm motility in males and enhances fertility in sows.
**1.2 Enhancing Immune Function and Disease Resistance**
Research by Liu Zongping indicates that selenium significantly boosts both humoral and cellular immunity. It increases the activity of T-cells and NK cells, improving the body’s ability to fight infections and stress.
**1.3 Improving Animal Growth and Feed Utilization**
Selenium-enriched yeast contributes to better growth performance in animals. It enhances feed efficiency, promotes weight gain, and improves overall development, making it a valuable addition to livestock diets.
**1.4 Enhancing Reproductive Performance**
Selenium deficiency in animals often leads to reproductive issues, such as reduced fertility and increased embryonic loss. Supplementing with selenium can help regulate hormone levels, prevent miscarriages, and improve egg production and quality in laying hens.
**1.5 Improving Meat Quality and Lean Meat Yield**
Thanks to its antioxidant properties, selenium helps maintain meat quality by reducing lipid oxidation. It preserves muscle cell integrity, reduces moisture loss, and enhances the texture and appearance of meat products, making it highly beneficial for the poultry and livestock industries.
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