According to foreign media reports, researchers at the University of São Paulo's Chemistry Institute (IQ-USP) in Brazil found that high-concentration aqueous electrolytes, namely water-soluble salt electrolytes, can be used to replace car batteries and other electric Organic solvents in chemical devices, and such electrolytes have the advantages of low cost and no toxicity.
(Source: University of Sao Paulo)
The researchers said: "Water-soluble salt electrolyte refers to a solution composed of a very small amount of water and a high concentration of salt. The amount of water is just able to dissolve ions and promote the formation of a solvent. Unlike traditional solutions, the system does not contain free water "In addition, only salt molecules composed of a large anion and a small cation can be dissolved. For example, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (CF3SO2NLiSO2CF3), sodium chloride, or table salt are not useful because their cations and anions are similar in size.
Since there is no free water in this high concentration solution, the decomposition of electrolyzed water into hydrogen and oxygen becomes more difficult. Therefore, even though the system does not contain water, the electrochemical stability of the solution is still very high.
In summary, this innovative technology based on high-concentration water-soluble salt solution has more obvious advantages than the traditional technology of dissolving salt in organic compounds. However, the application of water-soluble salt electrolyte technology also faces challenges.
First of all, this solution contains almost no water, so it has a strong hygroscopic capacity and will absorb moisture in the air, thus changing the water content. Secondly, this ultra-high concentration aqueous solution is very corrosive.
In fact, organic solvents also have the characteristics of absorbing moisture in the environment, which is one of the reasons why traditional batteries must have a barrier. However, corrosivity is a major disadvantage of this solution, because the organic solvents in current lithium batteries, to a large extent, will not attack the only metal part of the battery-the electrode.
However, researchers say that this shortcoming of water-soluble salt electrolytes should not be overestimated. After all, corrosion has been a major problem for decades. Now, researchers know how to improve the current collector and make some adjustments, it will not be difficult to overcome the corrosion problem of water batteries. (Yu Qiuyun)
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