What is the "three certificates" of pesticides?

The "three certificates" for pesticides refer to the pesticide production license or production approval document, the product standard, and the pesticide registration certificate. These certificates are issued on a per-product basis, meaning that each **pesticide product**—even if it is the same formulation produced by different manufacturers—must have its own set of "three certificates." This ensures proper regulation and traceability in the market. **1. National Pesticide Production Licensing System** Pesticides are fine chemical products that require specialized equipment, facilities, and technical conditions to ensure quality and safety. To maintain control over the industry, the state mandates that any enterprise wishing to produce pesticides must obtain approval from the State Council's chemical industry administrative department after being reviewed by provincial authorities. This includes joint ventures, branch factories, and even non-pesticide companies setting up pesticide production units. Once an enterprise is approved to produce pesticides under national or industry standards, it must apply for a pesticide production license. For products without established national or industry standards but with internal company standards, the enterprise must seek approval from the State Council’s chemical industry department after review by provincial authorities. No entity or individual is allowed to produce pesticides without these necessary certifications. **2. Pesticide Standards** Pesticide standards define the technical specifications and testing methods required to ensure product quality. These standards are legally recognized and widely used in purchase contracts, quality inspections, and dispute resolution. If a product fails to meet the factory's own standards, it is considered substandard, and the manufacturer is responsible for any resulting losses. Standards are classified into international, national, and enterprise levels. International standards include those set by the FAO and WHO, while national standards are developed independently by countries. China’s standards include enterprise standards (set by individual companies), industry standards (also known as ministerial standards), and national standards. Enterprise standards are used during product development, while industry and national standards are mandatory for all producers once they are established. Each pesticide formulation must have a corresponding standard number. Products without such numbers cannot be sold on the market. **3. National Pesticide Registration System** Pesticides are high-tech products that must meet strict quality and safety requirements to ensure efficacy and prevent environmental harm. The state implements a pesticide registration system to regulate both domestic production and imports. Before a pesticide can be sold, it must be registered with the national pesticide registration authority. China’s pesticide registration system began in 1982, with regulations jointly issued by six ministries. The process involves three stages: field trials, temporary registration, and formal registration. Each stage has specific requirements, and products cannot be sold until they are officially registered. Every commercial pesticide product must display its three certificates on the label. Using counterfeit or incorrect certificates is illegal and constitutes a violation. If a product lacks the required certificates or fails to meet their technical requirements, it is considered substandard, and the manufacturer is held legally accountable. In 1995, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Ministry of Agriculture mandated that pesticide advertisements include the "three certificates." Media outlets are also required to highlight these details when reporting on new pesticide developments, ensuring transparency and preventing misinformation about unregistered products.

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