Sunburn can cause serious damage to apple leaves and weak pear trees, often leading to severe burns in orchards. According to surveys, the fruiting rate of apple trees is typically between 5% and 20%, while the leaf survival rate for pears ranges from 5% to 15%, with some cases reaching as high as 30%. Effective pesticide management is essential to prevent these issues.
The primary causes of sunburn include poor tree structure, such as rot, root rot, or dry rot, which weaken the tree's ability to withstand heat. Additionally, low soil moisture levels can lead to excessive transpiration from the roots during high temperatures. When the roots cannot absorb enough water to compensate for this loss, it disrupts the water balance in the trees, resulting in severe leaf burns, especially in dry pear orchards. Moreover, the temperature inside fruit bags can be over 10% higher than the ambient temperature, often exceeding 48°C, which further contributes to sunburn damage.
To prevent these problems, several measures can be taken. First, before the high-temperature season, thoroughly water the entire orchard and grow grass between rows to help regulate soil temperature and reduce evaporation. Second, improve orchard management by increasing the use of organic fertilizers and applying more phosphate fertilizer to encourage deep root growth. This strengthens the overall health of the trees and enhances their resistance to heat. It’s also important to focus on pest and disease control to maintain tree vitality. Lastly, avoid spraying pesticides during peak heat hours. According to China Pesticide Network, it's recommended to avoid using emulsion-based products and instead opt for powders, microemulsions, or water-based formulations whenever possible. These choices are not only more effective but also safer for both the trees and the environment.
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