Machine tools, also known as the mother of industry, machines that make machines. The upstream of the machine tool industry includes the steel and foundry industries, while the downstream affects the automotive, railway, wind power, nuclear power, shipbuilding, air transport and military industries related to national defense. It deeply affects all industries in our country and also affects every corner of our lives.
If manufacturing is the foundation and lifeblood of the country, then machine tools are the top priority of the manufacturing industry. Without a machine tool, there would be no high-speed rails with electric power; without a machine tool, there would be no fighters that eagle hit the sky; without a machine tool, there would be no aircraft carriers that traveled far and wide.
But all along, China's machine tool industry has a very difficult road.
China's industry started late, technology is backward, and it started almost in a poor and white situation, and machine tools are among them.
In 1958, with the assistance of the Soviet Union, China developed the first CNC machine tool, and began the development of CNC machine tools. In the 1960s, Europe and the United States imposed a technical blockade on China, and the Soviet Union stopped aiding China. The machine tool industry relied on self-reliance to develop 18 key enterprises, which was later the 18-year-old robotic industry.
These 18 companies silently supported the development of the entire equipment manufacturing industry and even the industry at that time. By the end of 1965, these enterprises had mastered 26 kinds of high-precision precision machine tools.
After the reform and opening up, advanced technology and machine tools flowed into China, and the impact of foreign technology, the original backward machine tool technology can no longer meet the production needs. Eighteen companies have experienced bankruptcy, mergers and reorganizations. Foreign-funded enterprises have established factories in China, and private machine tool enterprises have officially entered the market.
In fact, although these countries with developed machine tool industries are full of profits in China, the real core technology has always been banned from exporting to China. For example, the ultra-precision machine tool used to process the Hubble Space Telescope mirror has been manufactured in 1990, and this machine tool is more than enough for the processing of aero-engine surface. However, 20 years later, Chinese companies are still struggling to explore.
Another example is the controller. The controller is the core of the CNC machine tool. It is equivalent to the CPU of the computer and is the key technology for manufacturing CNC machine tools. However, at present, the controller giants headed by Japan's FANUC and Germany's SIEMENS monopolize more than 80% of the market, and high-end products not only monopolize but also restrict Chinese imports. The Japanese said that "without Japan's machine tools, China's auto industry will be difficult to move. China's dependence on Japan will only grow stronger and will not be weakened. This means that "Japan is increasingly capable of controlling China." Although the words are a bit arrogant, China’s weakness in the field of industrial production is a fact.
There are still some conventional routines in these countries. When China does not produce five-axis machine tools, it only sells three-axis machine tools in China. When China developed five-axis machine tools, their five-axis machine tools were immediately dumped in China. This has prevented high-end machine tool technology from entering China and hindered the development of Chinese machine tool enterprises.
It can be said that Chinese machine tool companies have been living in the cracks. Not only are high-end machine tools and technologies restricted to imports, but the market is also being eroded by foreign companies.
China's high-end machine tool market has been firmly controlled by Japan's FANUC, MAZAK, Daxie, Makino, Germany's DMG, Hammer, and US Haas, with top-notch technology and first-class quality. In the low-end market, Lichi, Youjia, Dongtai and Taichung Seiki in Taiwan have become the strongest rivals of mainland enterprises.
A large number of domestically produced enterprises can only become the manufacturers of the lowest-end machine tools because of the lack of technology. The machine tools are low in price, poor in quality and standardized management, and have high failure rates. Some enterprises even only assemble and assemble machine tools, and users purchase optical machines and CNC systems. , screw, knife and other components.
These problems arise precisely because although our machine tool industry is developing rapidly, it is still subject to the core technology and can only attract users with relatively low prices. For example, CNC system, most of the CNC systems of high-end machine tools in China come from Japan FANUC, Germany Siemens, Germany HEIDENHAIN and other enterprises. Although China also has Huazhong CNC, Guangzhou CNC and other enterprises to develop domestic CNC systems, but there are always gaps in practicality, reliability, compatibility and stability.
In the gaps in basic materials science, technology and design, most of the main functional components of domestic machine tools such as lead screws, guide rails, servo motors, torque motors, electric spindles and encoders are mainly dependent on foreign products. Taking the lead screw as an example, although China is the world's largest steel producer, the gap in basic materials science cannot produce steel with excellent screw.
"High-end machine tool manufacturing technology, we have a gap of 15 to 20 years with Germany and Japan." A person in charge of a well-known domestic machine tool company once said, "Compared with foreign equipment, domestic machine tools in terms of stability, reliability, efficiency, etc. The gap is obvious. Foreign machine tools can be stopped for 24 hours, domestic equipment is not available; foreign machine tools can process 1 part in 1 second, domestic equipment may take 1.5 seconds. Although domestic enterprises have begun to integrate high-end machine tools in recent years, core technologies such as The CNC system is mainly in the hands of a few companies such as Germany and Japan."
Of course, we don't have to be arrogant. There are many excellent machine tool companies in China that are still working hard.
For example, Beijing Jingdiao. The domestic high-speed engraving and milling machine manufacturing leader, strong technical strength, self-made electric spindle and fine carving software, all major mobile phone manufacturers including Apple are using Beijing carved machines. At present, Beijing Jingdiao has the comprehensive ability to independently develop and manufacture CNC engraving machine, CAD/CAM software, numerical control system and high-speed electric spindle. It has developed into an engraving CNC engraving machine with more than 4,000 employees and an annual output of 10,000 sets. , a high-tech enterprise integrating R&D, production, sales and after-sales.
Another example is the Jinan No. 2 machine tool. As the former “18 Lohanâ€, after facing the transformation of the machine tool industry, we are determined to innovate, continue to break through innovation, replace the export with domestic products, and now rank among the world’s three major stamping equipment manufacturers, the world’s order volume for 7 consecutive years. the first. It is worth mentioning that it is still a state-owned sole proprietorship so far.
We must know that in today's society, compared with the hot industries such as finance, real estate, and the Internet, manufacturing is an unpopular industry, and machine tools are even more “unpopularâ€. Even so, there are still a large number of people who are sticking to the machine tool industry and insisting on making contributions to China's machine tool industry. Although our machine tool technology is far less than the industrial powers, are these people who go forward and go forward not worthy of our respect and applause?
"Let's get rich and ask for money, go to the door with greed and sorrow." This is the true portrayal of the machine tool industry. But I believe that "any road to light is not straight." When we are disappointed with the backwardness of domestic machine tools, please don't forget that our machine tool industry is still moving forward in twists and turns.
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