Japanese scientists have developed a new type of bioplastic using genetically modified *E. coli* that can withstand extreme heat, up to 400°C, without degrading. This breakthrough, achieved through genetic engineering and light-induced reactions, makes the material the most heat-resistant bioplastic currently available.
According to a joint statement from the Japan Science and Technology Agency and other research institutions, the plastic is transparent and highly rigid, making it a potential replacement for glass in automotive applications. By substituting traditional glass with this material, vehicle weight can be significantly reduced, leading to improved fuel efficiency and lower carbon dioxide emissions.
Bioplastics, typically made from plant-based materials, are considered more environmentally friendly than conventional plastics derived from petroleum. However, previous versions of bioplastics often lacked sufficient hardness and heat resistance, limiting their use to single-use products. This new development could change that by offering a durable and sustainable alternative.
Researchers observed that certain amino acids secreted by actinomycetes possess strong structural properties. Using this knowledge, they genetically modified *E. coli* to produce a compound called "4-aminocinnamic acid," which is rare in nature. The bacteria were then used to ferment sugars, creating the compound efficiently.
The team then polymerized the "4-aminocinnamic acid" using photoreactions and macromolecular techniques to form polyamic acid. After being heated under vacuum at temperatures between 150°C and 250°C, the resulting polyamide film showed exceptional thermal stability, capable of withstanding temperatures up to 425°C—far exceeding the previous maximum of 305°C for similar bioplastics.
The researchers believe that this new bioplastic offers a cost-effective alternative to oil-based plastics, which require more complex manufacturing processes. They are now working on enhancing its mechanical strength and aim to bring the material into practical use as soon as possible.
This groundbreaking research will be published in an upcoming issue of the *Macromolecules*, a journal published by the American Chemical Society. The findings mark a significant step forward in the development of high-performance, eco-friendly materials for industrial and commercial applications.
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