Li Yizhong: Grasping key links to promote industrial transformation and upgrading

On June 26, at the 11th China Industrial Forum, the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Deputy Director of the Economic Committee, the former Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Chairman of the China Federation of Industrial Economics, Li Yizhong made a keynote report on "Made in China 2025". On the current hot issue, I talked about five points.

Li Yizhong stressed that it is necessary to optimize and enhance the factors of productivity, improve production relations, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading through innovation. It is necessary to promote the combination of production, education and research, improve the R&D system and mechanism, and do a good job in scientific and technological research at the national, industrial and enterprise levels. It is necessary to grasp key industries, grasp pilot enterprises, grasp the key links of "Internet + manufacturing", and promote smart manufacturing. We must persist in reforming and upgrading traditional industries and accelerating the cultivation of emerging industries. It is necessary to enhance the international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry and provide strong support for the development of foreign trade and foreign trade.
Innovation drives development and optimizes productivity factors

Li Yizhong pointed out that the innovation drive generally includes scientific and technological innovation, product and service innovation, management innovation, industrial organization innovation, and business model innovation. Through these five aspects of innovation, we must master the necessary core technologies and key technologies; create consumption, guide consumption, and stimulate the economy; improve the level of enterprise informationization, optimize the allocation of enterprise resources; continuously improve the industrial chain, and make the industrial structure more reasonable; new business, The new model promotes the socialization and networking of production methods.

Among them, in terms of production materials, innovation can promote the optimal allocation of resources, rational use, energy conservation and consumption reduction, pollution reduction and pollution protection. Industrial civilization does not necessarily only consume resources, but it can also maintain resources and even create natural wealth. Industry can be green, low-carbon, consume less, emit less, nature can repair itself, industrial civilization and ecological civilization can promote each other.

In terms of production tools, innovation enables automation, digitization and intelligence of production equipment and assembly lines. The efficiency of production tools has been greatly improved, making precision manufacturing, extreme manufacturing, and agile manufacturing possible, and the quality and brand of products have been greatly improved.

In terms of labor, scientific and technological progress and innovation have realized “machine substitution, people control machines”, thereby increasing labor productivity. Through the modern training methods such as distance education and simulation, the quality of workers can be improved, and various incubators can cultivate a large number of small and micro enterprises and entrepreneurs.

In terms of capital and capital, financial innovation, capital market innovation, gathering all kinds of funds in the society, revitalizing all kinds of funds and fund stocks, improving the investment structure, guiding funds to the real economy, and improving the efficiency of capital use. The state advocates the establishment of various funds – including transformation and upgrading funds, emerging industry pilot funds, scientific and technological achievements transformation and guidance funds, etc., to attract more private capital, and the current hot PPP model is also an innovation.

In science and technology, science and technology is the primary productive force, the innovation of science and technology, and the improvement of the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements. It is the only way for enterprises to master core technologies and key technologies. We emphasize independent innovation because core technologies and key technologies can't be bought. But it won't close the door and everything starts from scratch. It still needs to be introduced, digested, absorbed and re-innovated. Further reform and improvement of scientific research systems and mechanisms, and further implementation of science and technology policies will inevitably lead to more outstanding achievements to achieve industrialization and commercialization.
Industry, education and research use combined with three levels of scientific and technological research

Li Yizhong pointed out that over the years, the market-oriented, enterprise-oriented, technology-innovation mechanism combining production, education and research has achieved remarkable results, but the rate of conversion of scientific and technological achievements and the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth are still not high. Therefore, the key is to grasp Good results transformation.

The purpose of R&D is to use it. Only when it can be used to enter the market, research and development results should be liberated from papers, awards, and samples to be transformed into real productivity. The research and development results should be changed into engineering design and physical projects. The samples should be transformed into products and commodities, and the innovation results should be transformed into real industrial activities. Another implication is that users should participate in the whole process of R&D, trial production, design, manufacturing and marketing from beginning to end, which not only brings market information and user experience, but also establishes mutual communication by participating, thus speeding up the research and development process and dredging the promotion and use. The seamless connection between production and consumption has further spawned new modes of new business, such as personalized customization, mass innovation, and crowdsourcing research and development. This requires further improvement and improvement of the innovation mechanism, and the establishment of a manufacturing industry, academia and research combined with an open innovation system.

The system and mechanism for encouraging technological innovation and transformation of results are still not smooth, and further improvement and improvement are needed. Li Yizhong pointed out that scientific and technological innovation must work hard to grasp the three levels of scientific and technological research. First, major science and technology projects at the national level. The soul of emerging industries is high-tech. The country's 17 special projects cover almost all the key technologies of emerging industries. At present, there are obvious progress, and it is necessary to adapt to new trends to further enrich and improve. The 13th Five-Year Plan should achieve major breakthroughs.

The second is the common technical breakthroughs in the industry. Breaking through common technology through industry joint research is our traditional advantage. After entering the market economy, it has weakened due to various reasons. Because of the trade secrets involved, peer companies are fighting each other and repeating at a low level, which wastes resources and delays the opportunity. The direction of enterprise reform of scientific research and design institutes is correct, and income generation is a must, but innovation must be placed first, and the role of industry technology development centers should be brought into play. Industry alliances should be formed by key enterprises or industry associations to jointly tackle problems and share results.

The third is technological innovation at the enterprise level. The technical problems in production practice must be solved by the organization of front-line workers and professional technicians. The company has mature experience. Over the years, large-scale enterprises have established technical centers and professional teams. SMEs have special effects or rely on public service platforms to achieve significant results, but some companies have faded. Enterprises should pay attention to the role of employees and carry out mass technical revolutions, technological innovations, and rationalization proposals.

Focus on key industry enterprises to promote smart manufacturing

The implementation of "Made in China 2025", the deep integration of information industrialization is the main line, intelligent manufacturing is the focus, Internet + is the action plan, and the real economy enterprise is the main body of action.

Li Yizhong emphasized that to promote smart manufacturing, we must grasp the industry and grasp enterprises. "Made in China 2025" identifies 10 key industries, including strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries, and accelerates the development of 2025 special action plans for each industry. Steel, petrochemical, non-ferrous metals, building materials, textiles, light industry and other basic industries that are related to the national economy and the people's livelihood cannot be ignored. Because these traditional industries are urgently needed to be upgraded with advanced technologies, and these industries are closely related to 10 key industries, forming a tight supply chain or sales network. Each industry selects a number of key enterprises with different representations. Focusing on the tasks of intelligent manufacturing, we will determine the key tasks of different pilot enterprises, first try first, and gain experience to drive the whole industry. If conditions permit, it will rise to standards and norms.
The Internet and the new generation of information technology have a wide coverage and strong penetration. "Internet + Manufacturing" is the action plan of "Made in China 2025". Specifically, there are five key points in cultivating intelligent manufacturing:

The first is digital R&D design. The proportion of existing R&D designs using digital tools is about 52%. "Made in China 2025" proposes to increase to 70% by 2020 and 84% by 2025. Further promote information tools such as simulation, 3D description, high-speed computing, and large databases to improve the efficiency and standard of R&D design.

Second, electronic information technology is embedded in products to improve quality, functionality and added value, especially the quality and self-sufficiency of key components, components and key materials. The self-sufficiency rate on demand increased from the current 20% to 40% in 2020 and 70% in 2025. Really turn OEM production and OEM assembly into independent manufacturing.

The third is the numerical control of manufacturing equipment, the promotion of high-end CNC machine tools, intelligent industrial robots, 3D printing additive manufacturing. The numerical control rate of key processes is currently only 27%. The plan requires 50% in 2020 and 64% in 2025 to achieve precision manufacturing.

The fourth is the intelligent control of the manufacturing process. At present, the process-controlled manufacturing line has a self-control rate of 54%. It is further upgraded from automation to intelligence, achieving intrinsic safety and flexible production, and greatly improving production efficiency.

Fifth, the manufacturing service chain is digitized and networked, which in turn changes production methods and business forms. The use of the industrial Internet, the development of modern intelligent logistics, domestic and foreign e-commerce, significantly reduce the cost of circulation, the development of life-cycle services, and further stimulate consumption. The development of remote monitoring and online maintenance will help the long-term safe and stable operation of the production line and improve efficiency. The socialization of the manufacturing supply chain and sales network, adapting to new changes in the production model, has promoted the rapid development of the production service industry.
Enhance traditional industries and cultivate emerging industries

One of the reasons for the current downward pressure on the economy is that it is in an alternating period of “the old power is getting weaker and the new force will be born”. In terms of old power, most of the traditional industries have overcapacity. When the market is tight, the benefits are declining and the driving force is insufficient. In terms of new strength, strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries are accelerating, but the overall proportion is small, and the role is not fully exerted. .

Li Yizhong stressed that the grasp of structural adjustment is to achieve transformation and upgrading through technological transformation, but at present it has not done enough. The first is not enough strength. China's technological transformation investment accounted for 40% of industrial investment over the years. If the expansion project is deducted, it only accounts for 27%. In the first-country countries, industrial-to-technical transformation investment accounted for 50% to 60% of industrial investment in the 1950s and 1960s, and the United States reached 69%. In his government work report, Premier Li Keqiang said that "taking financial interest subsidies, accelerating depreciation and other measures to promote technological transformation of traditional industries", I hope that relevant parties will further implement them to drive investment in enterprises, local governments, banks, and social capital.

To increase technological transformation, it is also necessary to solve the problem of mechanism and improve the level of technological transformation. Government departments should grasp planning, focus on key issues, issue catalogues, publish information, and give policy guidance and encouragement. Enterprises should benchmark against international counterparts, eliminate bottlenecks, fill shortcomings, comprehensively improve technical and economic indicators; improve the level of digitalization, intelligence, and information; improve asset quality and corporate profitability. Accelerating the development of high-tech industries must also prevent and avoid blind investment, redundant construction, and waste of resources. It is necessary to proceed from the overall situation, determine regional and industry distribution, implement regional planning and industry planning; select advantageous and characteristic industries according to local resources, environment, market and industrial base, determine leading industries, implement differentiated development; prevent and avoid industrial convergence There is even a new round of overcapacity.

Promote the internationalization of manufacturing industry and support foreign trade

Industrial products are an important support for exports, accounting for 95% of trade in goods; manufacturing is also a major area for “going out” and “bringing in” to expand opening up, and shoulders the heavy responsibility of maintaining import and export and foreign trade cooperation. Li Yizhong emphasized that China's manufacturing industry should seize the new opportunities of integrating international business into the global industrial chain.

First, we will win by quality, vigorously adjust the product structure, and achieve upgrading. Clothing, textiles, daily light industrial products, foods should improve quality and safety, optimize varieties, adopt modern technology, improve industrial design, increase green environmental protection elements, integrate cultural fashion, and increase the competitiveness of traditional products. Equipment manufacturing, machinery, electronics, and information products account for nearly half of the export products, and their technical content is high and cost-effective. It is necessary to vigorously develop smart manufacturing, further enhance the added value of products, and adopt international standards to gain wider market recognition. Vigorously strengthen the development and production of basic components, components, and electronic control components, and improve the expansion of the industrial chain. On the other hand, the country has greatly reduced the import tariffs on some consumer goods from June 1 this year, which not only benefits the people, but also brings new challenges to the manufacturing industry. The market's reversal mechanism should be transformed into quality and efficiency, creating brands. Power.

The second is to give play to advantages, expand openness, and improve the level of international development of manufacturing. Bring into play the advantages of advanced industries, such as rail transit, power, telecommunications, engineering machinery and other advanced equipment manufacturing industries, from product export to project contracting, joint venture cooperation, overseas mergers and acquisitions, cooperative research and development, joint design, brand cultivation. It is necessary to seize the opportunity of the “Belt and Road”, especially in the interconnection of infrastructure and the external cooperation of advantageous industries. The manufacturing industry has broad market space.

The third is to deepen the reform of foreign trade and foreign trade and create new formats and new models. China has signed investment and trade protection agreements with some countries and regions, and promoted import and export and investment facilitation. Expanding overseas e-commerce, creating modern intelligent logistics, and extending manufacturing service to international trade, the Internet + also took root in foreign trade. The government and relevant departments have changed their functions, reduced the approval of enterprises to “go global”, simplified audits, and narrowed the scope of approved investment projects. Further implement the financial measures to support foreign trade and foreign trade, and study and use the foreign exchange reserve entrusted loans. Cultivate and develop intermediary services such as law, financial insurance, and technical consultation to guide and guide enterprises to “go global” to prevent risks and improve efficiency.

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