Transformer development history

Transformers first appeared at the end of the 19th century, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of electrical systems. As the power industry expanded, so did the need for more advanced and efficient voltage regulation. This led to significant improvements in transformer design, performance, and accuracy, with the development of specialized types tailored for specific applications.

Modern transformers now come in various forms, such as voltage and current composite transformers, DC current transformers, high-accuracy current and voltage ratio transformers, and high-current laser-based devices. These innovations are crucial for power systems, where accurate measurement, reliable protection, and precise control are essential. Whether it's for ultra-high voltage systems or compact gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), transformers play a vital role in ensuring the stability and efficiency of modern power networks.

With the introduction of new materials and technologies, electromagnetic transformers have reached their full potential. Core-type current transformers, available in dry, oil-immersed, and gas-insulated versions, have been widely used in power infrastructure. However, as power transmission capacities grow and grid voltages increase, traditional core-type transformers face limitations. Issues such as large size, magnetic saturation, ferromagnetic resonance, limited dynamic range, and narrow frequency response make them less suitable for the demands of next-generation smart grids and digital power networks.

In response to these challenges, many developed countries have turned to optoelectronic technology to create new types of electronic current transformers, commonly known as photoelectric current transformers. These devices leverage optical sensing and electronic methods to provide higher accuracy, better linearity, and improved performance under extreme conditions. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has already established standards for electronic current transformers, which encompass not only photoelectric transformers but also other sensor technologies that use electronic principles for voltage and current measurement.

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