Wind power, as a clean and renewable energy source, has gained significant attention and widespread application globally. The wind power equipment manufacturing industry has also experienced continuous growth, positioning itself as a promising sunrise sector. However, despite this potential, the domestic wind power industry has struggled with challenges, particularly in terms of technological independence and innovation. This has left many local manufacturers in a vulnerable position.
In 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission removed the requirement that wind power equipment must be more than 70% localized. This decision opened the door for international players to enter the Chinese market, intensifying competition and putting further pressure on domestic producers.
According to customs data, from January to August this year, China’s total import and export of wind power equipment reached $292.032 million, a 27.8% decline compared to the same period last year. While exports stood at $282.169 million, which was still below the previous year’s level, imports saw a sharp increase—nearly 30% of the imported wind power equipment was valued at $9.863 million, representing a 6.8-fold rise over the same period. These figures highlight a growing imbalance in China’s wind power trade, where exports are struggling while imports are surging.
One key factor behind this shift is the policy support that helped boost China’s wind power industry. Since 2004, the trade pattern evolved from being import-dependent to export-oriented. In 2005, the government mandated a 70% localization rate for wind power equipment, aiming to reduce costs and promote industrialization. This led to a golden era for the sector, with annual new installations growing by over 50%, and cumulative capacity rising from 1.6% to 26.7% of global totals—surpassing the U.S. to become the world leader.
However, when the policy was relaxed in 2010, the market opened up, leading to increased foreign competition. Despite this, China’s exports have diversified, reaching over 70 countries, with South Africa being the top destination. Meanwhile, imports remain heavily concentrated in European countries, which account for 98.3% of all wind power equipment imports, largely due to the dominance of European manufacturers like those from Denmark, Germany, and Spain.
Foreign-invested enterprises play a major role in both import and export activities, accounting for 65.2% of total trade volume. Although private and state-owned companies contribute significantly, their share in imports remains small, highlighting the reliance on foreign players in the import segment.
General trade remains the dominant mode of import and export, making up 59.4% of the total, followed by processing trade. Imports are almost entirely conducted through general trade, showing a strong dependency on this method.
In conclusion, the wind power equipment trade in China reveals stark contrasts, shaped by both domestic and global industry dynamics. While policy support once drove rapid growth, the current challenge lies in addressing overcapacity, improving technology, and enhancing competitiveness. To move forward, the industry must focus on structural adjustments, accelerate innovation, and build strong national brands to secure a sustainable future in the global market.
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