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Yilu County Agricultural Bureau Agricultural Technology Station Agronomist Zhang Caiqing
In recent days, all parts of the province have experienced heavy rains. In some places, severe floods have been encountered. Many agricultural and forestry crops have been affected by water and sand pressure and flooding, and they have suffered from reduced production, no harvest, and damage to aquatic products and livestock. After a flood disaster, remedial measures should be taken quickly to resume production and reduce losses.
Rice: row of seedlings, seedlings, pests and diseases,
First, grab the water. After the seedlings are flooded, the plant is deprived of oxygen and causes the breathing to stop. After a long period of time, it will die. It is necessary to grasp and rush the water, so that the drowning seedlings will get out of the water as soon as possible and enhance the breathing.
The second is to wash seedlings and nursery. After rushing to drain the water, immediately wash the seedlings with clean water, remove the mud stains on the leaves, spray with water spray, and simmer the fallen seedlings to promote normal growth.
The third is reasonable irrigation and drainage. After the seedlings are flooded, the root system is poorly viable. When the seedlings are discharged, depending on the weather conditions, if it is cloudy, the water can be drained at one time. If it is sunny, the field should still retain the shallow water layer to meet the seedlings. The water required for transpiration avoids the dehydration of the seedlings and dies. After the seedlings are restored to physiological functions, the exposed fields are drained to restore root growth.
The fourth is the topdressing and growth. After drowning, the seedlings die, and after the drainage, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the robust growth of the giant salamander, and at the same time increase the new alfalfa, which is conducive to the high yield of the rice field.
The fifth is pest control. After the rice is flooded, its disease resistance is weakened, and the pathogens spread faster with water. After the drainage, the top dressing may make the seedlings grow green and easy to induce pests. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, against rice blast and Diseases, rice leaf roller, rice horses, rice planthoppers and other major pests and diseases should be intensified. Once they occur, they must use the corresponding insecticides to prevent and control them early.
Tea: Qinggou, fertilizer, pest control,
First, clear drainage in time. For the flooded tea gardens, it is necessary to promptly clear and drain the drainage ditches, and quickly eliminate the accumulated water in the garden to prevent the tea trees from ruining the roots of the tea trees due to long-term water accumulation. The stone banks, ditches and roads of the tea gardens that have been destroyed shall be repaired in time.
The second is to remove debris in time. Tea trees that are immersed in water and leaves should be rushed to remove sundries and mud stains from the tea trees when the rain stops.
The third is to cultivate soil and loose soil in time. Due to heavy rains, flash floods, water and soil erosion, tea trees are washed down, washed, tea trees exposed roots, roots, after the disaster, we must timely correct the tea trees, do a good job of root cultivation. Tea gardens with water and sand pressure should pick up the sediment in time and rinse the tea leaves and leaves. After water flooding, the soil is compacted in the garden, which is easy to cause root hypoxia. When the topsoil of the garden is basically dry, the shallow soil is ploughed in time to restore the permeability of the soil.
The fourth is to timely apply fertilizer. The roots of tea trees suffering from floods have different degrees of damage, and the absorption of nutrients is affected. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the nutrition by spraying foliar fertilizer. The foliar fertilizer is mainly 0.5% to 1.0% of urea. Fertilization in the soil is better than the quick-acting fertilizer, and depending on the damage of the tree, the fertilizer is applied 1 or 2 times.
The fifth is to timely control pests and diseases. After the floods, the resistance of tea trees has decreased, and it is currently the high season of tea tree pests and diseases. Therefore, we must pay close attention to the pests and diseases of tea gardens and do a good job in prevention and treatment in a timely manner. The diseased tea garden plot and nursery nursery are controlled by 75% chlorothalonil 800-1000 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution.
Lin Guo: Dredged roots and disease prevention
First, we should drain and dehumidify as soon as possible, improve the drainage conditions, and remove the accumulated water in time by digging the temporary drainage ditch to restore the ventilation conditions of the roots of the fruit trees.
Second, we must support the tree body, and the fruit trees and saplings that have fallen over should be timely and rightened. If necessary, pillars can be set up to prevent shaking and tripping again.
Third, it is necessary to dredge, remove the sand and sludge from the roots, and cultivate the bare roots.
Fourth, the roots should be dried, and the soil of the root neck and the thick roots should be opened to dry the roots. For the fruit trees with heavy roots after being smashed, the roots of the festered trees should be removed to avoid further spread.
Five fertilizers should be combined with ploughing to increase nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and supplemented with foliar spray fertilizer to restore the tree potential. Fertilizers such as superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and photosynthetic micro-fertilizers can be used.
Sixth, in addition to the treatment of pests and diseases, the soil and air humidity are high after the flood. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the occurrence of pests and diseases in the orchard, and to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases of the leaves and roots in a timely and effective manner. It is necessary to use the drug in a targeted manner according to the actual situation of the occurrence of pests and diseases. Commonly used agents are: fruit holy, chlorothalonil, Dasheng, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate and the like.
Aquatic products: grab the word and strengthen the management of
First, the restoration of ecological strengthening daily management, continuous heavy precipitation has finally come to an end, for fishermen, after the water withdrawal, it is necessary to repair the pond ecological environment as soon as possible, regulate the water quality of the pond, we must seize the time to clear the pond, repair the water destroyed pond as soon as possible , drainage ditches and other farming facilities. Strict disinfection of pond culture water, preferably with quicklime and chlorine preparations. After 5 to 7 days, apply the base fertilizer for water body fertilization, apply organic fertilizer (manure, green manure, compost, etc.) 3000 per hectare (1 hectare = 15 mu). 6000 kg. Cultivate plankton, increase dissolved oxygen in water, and restore water culture.
Second, doing a good job in the daily management of the pond is the key to its effectiveness and high yield. First of all, you must patrol the pond and observe the dynamics of the pool fish. Every day, the pond is patrolled three times in the morning, in the middle and in the evening. Check whether the fish have floating heads, food intake and activities. During the hot summer season, when the weather is abrupt, the fish is prone to severe floating heads. It is necessary to patrol the pond in the middle of the night to stop the floating head in time and prevent panning. Pool dead fish. Second, pay attention to the environmental sanitation of the pond. In addition to the changes in fertilization and water quality, it is necessary to regularly add new water to regulate water quality. At the same time, it is necessary to remove residual baits, residual grass, dead fish, and other sundries and dirt. Food and bait tables should be disinfected frequently. It is usually done once every 10 to 15 days. Third, we must master the pool water injection and maintain proper water volume. Under normal circumstances, water is injected once every 10 to 15 days. During the summer season, the temperature is high, the amount of feeding is large, and the pool water becomes fat and old. If there are conditions, some old water should be discharged and new water should be injected every 5 to 10 days. 1 time. Frequent water exchanges are carried out to increase the capacity of pond fish, which is especially important for domestication and high-yield fish farming. Fourth, we must regularly check the fish body and make a pond management record. Every 15 to 30 days, check the growth of the fish, and then judge the effect of fish farming in the previous stage, and adjust the technical measures in the next section, such as increasing or decreasing the amount of bait and fertilizer, and improving the feeding technology. Pond diary should include date, weather, water temperature, water color change, injection, drainage, etc.
The third is to strengthen the prevention and control of fish disease. While strengthening feed management, it mainly conducts drug prevention. The specific method is to disinfect the fish body, put the fish into a higher concentration of the drug solution that can be tolerated, and to immerse the pathogen attached to the fish body after appropriate time dipping, the dipping time varies with the type and concentration of the drug, The temperature of the water is high, the size of the fish and the strength of the body depend on it. It can also be sprinkled all over the pool, which will not cause damage to the fish, and it can also play the dual role of disease treatment, disease prevention and disease prevention. The bait and the food field are disinfected. For commercial bait such as bean cake, vegetable cake and granular bait, it should be kept fresh, and fed in time after processing. It is not suitable for long-term intrusion and not fermenting and decaying; animal bait such as snails, scorpions, etc. should be removed from dead rot, and fresh, Wash with water; plant-based bait such as water grass, duckweed, dry grass, etc. can be soaked in 5% salt water for 5 to 10 minutes. The food field should be dissolved in 12.5 to 15 kg of water with half a catty of bleaching powder every half month, and then spilled around the food field once a day for three consecutive days. Tool disinfection. For large nets, it can be exposed to sunlight. Small tools can be immersed in lime water and bleaching powder for 5 minutes for disinfection purposes. Before the fish has not yet developed disease, and the appetite is not lost, the drug and the food bait are mixed and fed in time, which can play a dual role of prevention and treatment. That is, garlic and salt bait: add 0.5 to 1.0 kg of garlic head per 100 kg of bait, mix and grind, and then add 0.5 to 1.0 kg of salt to make a bait, which can be fed daily or fed for 5 days. Stop for 5 days, feed again, repeat, and have a good effect on the prevention and treatment of bacterial rot and enteritis in grass carp.
Animal Husbandry: Disinfection and Elimination of Immunity
First, we must do a good job of cleaning and sanitation, pay attention to scientific disinfection. Timely remove the dirt around the livestock and poultry enclosures, and the feeding tanks, buckets and other utensils contaminated by the floods should be disinfected or blanched. Commonly used disinfection In addition to physical disinfection and biological disinfection methods such as sun exposure, incineration, and accumulation fermentation, it can also be disinfected with chemicals such as lime water and caustic soda: 1 kg of fresh lime plus 5 to 10 kg of water is used to make 10% to 20 % lime water can be used to disinfect the site, paint the walls of the shed, piles, etc.; or use 2% to 5% caustic soda solution to disinfect the shed, site, appliances and vehicles.
Second, it is necessary to timely repair the fence, pay attention to ventilation inside the house. Strengthen ventilation and ventilation of livestock and poultry houses, and replace bedding in time. The pig farm should open the air window or exhaust fan regularly to remove the humid air and discharge the harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas. The temperature in the egg house is controlled at about 25 °C; the duck house and the playground should be shaded by the pergola to avoid direct sunlight and adhere to the daily Early release and late closing; when the temperature in the dairy house exceeds 30 °C, it is necessary to start the cooling facilities in time to reduce the temperature of the barn.
The third is to strengthen the management of feeding and pay attention to the health and safety of drinking water. The well water contaminated by the flood should be sanded with a sand bag around the wellhead. After pumping the contaminated well water with a water pump, after infiltration into clean water, add 6 to 10 grams of fresh bleaching powder per cubic meter of water for sterilization. In order to drink; it is forbidden to feed moldy and spoiled feed to prevent poisoning or other diseases; grazing herds should not graze in flooded grasslands to avoid infection.
Fourth, regular immunization should be carried out, and the supplementary column should be carefully introduced. Carefully review the breeding files, and timely replenish and exempt livestock and poultry that exceed the immunization protection period and the new supplementary column. For other livestock and poultry infectious diseases, we must also do the vaccination work according to the epidemic situation; strictly carry out the isolation and introduction of livestock and poultry. In the near future, it is not possible to introduce seeds from other places to prevent the spread of epidemics.
Fifth, we must rationally treat sick animals and pay attention to the monitoring of livestock and poultry groups. Careful observation of the activities of livestock and poultry groups, animal diseases such as respiratory tract and digestive tract that are prone to post-disaster, should be diagnosed early, symptomatic isolation, observation and treatment, especially diseases such as coccidiosis induced by high temperature and high humidity, should be under the guidance of veterinarians. , with compound enemy bacteria, salinomycin and other drugs to prevent and cure.
Sixth, we must accept quarantine supervision and pay attention to the harmless disposal of sick and dead animals. The farm (household) shall take the initiative to accept the quarantine supervision of the veterinary departments at all levels, and adopt the “four no-one-one-handling†disposal measures for drowning and unidentified livestock and poultry, that is, no slaughter, no food, no sale, no Quasi-transportation for harmless treatment. The simplest and most effective treatment method is to select the Gaogang area and dig a deep pit of more than 2 meters. After the corpse enters the pit, sprinkle with lime or disinfectant to cover the thick soil. At the same time, the breeder should raise the awareness of self-protection and develop the habit of wearing work clothes (shoes, hats) and washing hands frequently.
Kind of handwriting
Prevention and treatment of rice "depression"
Narrator: Li Huaishan
“Everyone is coming to the edge of the field. The agronomist in the town came to tell us how to help the rice to resist depression.†When I saw the technical guidance of the agricultural technicians in the field, I shouted loudly and told everyone to come to school. technology.
In recent times, the continuous low temperature of rain has brought great influence on the physiological characteristics of rice seedlings in the field. The growth is slow, and the tillering is correspondingly reduced. Agricultural technology cadres said that without effective methods to prevent and control, this year rice will likely reduce production significantly.
Today, Yao Ping, the stationmaster and agronomist of Zhennong Agricultural Technology Station, came to our second group in the upstream village. After a while, they took a lead in the rice leaf. After a while, they opened the pockets and gave the villagers a serious and careful explanation. He said that this year there are many rains and the temperature is lower than normal. The rice growth period is greatly affected by low temperature, the physiological function is weakened, the absorption of nitrogen is blocked, and the growth is slow. However, after the temperature rises, it will quickly absorb nitrogen, causing the rice to grow, delaying heading and maturity. . Therefore, in the low temperature year, it is necessary to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphate fertilizer to reduce the cold damage. However, the application of too much phosphate fertilizer causes an excessive amount of phosphoric acid in the mid-fertility period, and the plants are too luxuriant. If the weather is abnormal, only organic fertilizer is applied. Although the number of rice grains is reduced, it can prevent the excessive growth caused by excessive nitrogen, reduce the delay in fertility, and reduce the chilling damage at the booting stage.
"Teacher, the temperature is low, is the water more closed, the better?" A villager surnamed Guo asked questions. Yao Nongyi said that shallow irrigation is conducive to raising water temperature and promoting early rapid growth of rice seedlings. This is certainly reasonable, but under the condition of low temperature and low sunshine, shallow irrigation can not increase temperature, and the water layer can be deepened to 5 to 7. Centimeters. It is said that Yao Ping has opened the seedlings to reveal the water, and compared with the depth of the water with a straw stick, the water surface is about the same. In this way, the water is kept warm, and after the jointing, the rice enters the low-temperature sensitive ear formation stage, the booting stage, and the young ear formation period, and then the water layer is deepened to 10 cm to prevent the loss of warm water in the field. As the elongation of the young ears gradually deepens the water layer and deepens to 18 to 20 cm at the booting stage, the cold damage of the obstacle can be effectively alleviated.
"I still want to ask, is there any drug treatment besides these? Isn't it better and more safe to have drug control?" A villager hopes to have a more comprehensive approach to prevention.
Chen Jian, director of the Agricultural Office, said that there is no particularly effective pesticide for this special low temperature. Everyone wants to fight drugs, you can buy some rooting and promoting agents for spraying, to achieve root development, improve immunity, and can play a certain role in maintaining production and increasing production.
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