The development of welding technology in the machine tool industry has evolved with the development of the welding structure of machine tool products. The leading products of China's machine tool industry mainly include metal cutting machine tools, forging machinery products, foundry machinery products, woodworking machine tools, tool products, abrasive tools and machine tool accessories. Among them, metal cutting machine tools, forging machinery and casting machinery products are the main fields of welding technology application in the machine tool industry. From the technical level of machine tool product development, the development of welding technology in the machine tool industry is roughly divided into three stages.
1. Welding technology as an auxiliary process stage
This phase was from the 1950s to the early 1970s. At this stage, in the development of machine tool products, it is mainly to copy the stage of foreign machine tool products. At that time, the metal cutting machine was successfully copied by the type 1Д63 lathe, 2A125 vertical drilling machine, 6H82 universal milling machine, 1617 horizontal lathe and 262 horizontal boring machine, which accounted for 70% of the total number of 204 kinds of machine tools. Forging machinery mainly developed open presses, closed single point presses of 315 tons or less, air hammers, double disc friction presses of 300 tons or less, shearing machines, four-column universal hydraulic presses, thread rolling machines and automatic forging presses, etc. General purpose forging machinery products with large demand.
At this stage, the structure of the machine tool products is basically all of the cast blank structure, so the welding technology at this stage only serves as an auxiliary process for the product. The focus of the welding is the defect welding of the cast structural parts and the fuel tank and electric box cover of the product. Some small non-main parts such as shells. The main welding method is manual arc welding, or oxyacetylene gas welding, which is controlled by the workers themselves. There are no formal welding technicians and process measures, and there is no special welding workshop. In larger companies, welding is combined with other foundry or product assembly workshops with limited production area.
2. Preliminary application stage of welding technology
This phase, from the 1970s to the early 1980s, was the initial application phase of welding technology. At this stage, based on the imitation of machine tools in the 1950s, the research and development of high-precision precision machine tools began. In the field of metal cutting machine tools, only in the 1970s, the second automobile factory was provided with a high level of 7664 machine tools, which met more than 98% of the machine tools required by the second automobile factory; in the forging machinery, In order to equip the second automobile plant, 115 kinds of 510 general-purpose forging machines and some production lines were developed and manufactured. At the same time, at this stage, the professional fixed-point factories have mastered 257 kinds of forging machinery.
In this stage, with the advancement of the overall welding technology, some enterprises have begun to adopt welded structures in the structure of their own designed machine tools, such as the base of the 800-ton mechanical press products of Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant, the beam and other large-scale. Parts and gas cylinder parts; Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant, the J81-1250 trimming press developed and designed in 1973 used welded parts for the first time. The main structural parts were base, column and head, and the maximum welded parts weighed 25 tons; From 1978 to 1979, the plant was welded on the bed of the Z41-30 nut cold heading machine and the high pressure vessel parts of the TA88-200 cold extrusion machine. The adoption of these welded structures has contributed to the development of welding technology in the machine tool industry.
Since the late 1970s, conditional enterprises have organized the establishment of independent welding workshops, increased workshop lifting equipment and improved welding techniques. For example, Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant established a welding workshop in 1975. At that time, the workshop area was 5,275 square meters, and the maximum lifting capacity was 50 tons. The welding process also developed from simple manual arc welding to submerged arc welding and electroslag welding. Semi-automatic cutting blanking and radiographic inspection methods. This shows that the application of welding technology in the machine tool industry has entered the comprehensive engineering technology field from the beginning, laying the foundation for the technical introduction of the third-stage machine tool products.
3. The leading process stage of welding technology
At this stage, the introduction of technology began in the early 1980s. At this stage, the machine tool industry promoted the rapid development of high-end advanced machine tools by introducing advanced foreign design and manufacturing technologies. For example, in the field of metal cutting machine tools, Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with Hitachi Seiki Co., Ltd. to produce K-type milling machine, and successfully developed a new series of CNC milling machines. At the same time, it cooperated with the Federal Republic of Germany WALDRICH COBURG. CNC gantry milling machine; Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with Yamazaki Iron Works of Japan to produce Mazak horizontal lathe, Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with French BMO Company to develop 4×10m large gantry beam mobile five-face machining center and Φ200 Large-scale CNC floor-type milling and boring machine and 2.4×13m large gantry mobile five-face machining center; Wuhan Heavy-duty Machine Tool Plant cooperates with Federal Republic of Germany Shishi Florip to produce a vertical level with a processing height of 1.4 to 2.5 meters. Heavy-duty machine tools such as lathes and floor milling and boring machines with a diameter of Φ260mm or more. In terms of forging machinery, Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant took the lead in introducing the complete design, manufacturing and testing technology of eight series of 35 varieties of heavy-duty and super-heavy mechanical presses of American VERSON All-steel Machinery Press Company. The introduction, absorption and digestion stages of heavy forging equipment. Subsequently, in 1981, Huangshi Forging Machine Tool Plant introduced the drawings and manufacturing techniques of the Belgian hydraulic shearing machine and bending machine series. In 1986, Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant introduced the mechanical press manufacturing technology of Komatsu Group of Japan. In 1991, Shanghai Forging Machine Tool Plant cooperated with SCHULER of Germany to provide 14 600-ton closed-type four-point multi-link mechanical presses for Shanghai Volkswagen. In 1992, Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with Alfte of Germany to introduce multi-link press manufacturing technology, and so on. Through the introduction, digestion and absorption, the design capability and manufacturing level of China's heavy-duty and ultra-heavy forging equipment have been rapidly improved, and they have basically reached and reached the international advanced level. At present, the domestic forging industry has developed more than 440 kinds of forging equipment. The heavy machinery press has been developed, the single machine capacity has reached 3,000 tons, the hydraulic bending machine has a single machine capacity of 4,000 tons, and has the ability to develop and manufacture single machine. The ability of over 4,500 tons of super heavy mechanical presses and large multi-station presses.
1. Welding technology as an auxiliary process stage
This phase was from the 1950s to the early 1970s. At this stage, in the development of machine tool products, it is mainly to copy the stage of foreign machine tool products. At that time, the metal cutting machine was successfully copied by the type 1Д63 lathe, 2A125 vertical drilling machine, 6H82 universal milling machine, 1617 horizontal lathe and 262 horizontal boring machine, which accounted for 70% of the total number of 204 kinds of machine tools. Forging machinery mainly developed open presses, closed single point presses of 315 tons or less, air hammers, double disc friction presses of 300 tons or less, shearing machines, four-column universal hydraulic presses, thread rolling machines and automatic forging presses, etc. General purpose forging machinery products with large demand.
At this stage, the structure of the machine tool products is basically all of the cast blank structure, so the welding technology at this stage only serves as an auxiliary process for the product. The focus of the welding is the defect welding of the cast structural parts and the fuel tank and electric box cover of the product. Some small non-main parts such as shells. The main welding method is manual arc welding, or oxyacetylene gas welding, which is controlled by the workers themselves. There are no formal welding technicians and process measures, and there is no special welding workshop. In larger companies, welding is combined with other foundry or product assembly workshops with limited production area.
2. Preliminary application stage of welding technology
This phase, from the 1970s to the early 1980s, was the initial application phase of welding technology. At this stage, based on the imitation of machine tools in the 1950s, the research and development of high-precision precision machine tools began. In the field of metal cutting machine tools, only in the 1970s, the second automobile factory was provided with a high level of 7664 machine tools, which met more than 98% of the machine tools required by the second automobile factory; in the forging machinery, In order to equip the second automobile plant, 115 kinds of 510 general-purpose forging machines and some production lines were developed and manufactured. At the same time, at this stage, the professional fixed-point factories have mastered 257 kinds of forging machinery.
In this stage, with the advancement of the overall welding technology, some enterprises have begun to adopt welded structures in the structure of their own designed machine tools, such as the base of the 800-ton mechanical press products of Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant, the beam and other large-scale. Parts and gas cylinder parts; Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant, the J81-1250 trimming press developed and designed in 1973 used welded parts for the first time. The main structural parts were base, column and head, and the maximum welded parts weighed 25 tons; From 1978 to 1979, the plant was welded on the bed of the Z41-30 nut cold heading machine and the high pressure vessel parts of the TA88-200 cold extrusion machine. The adoption of these welded structures has contributed to the development of welding technology in the machine tool industry.
Since the late 1970s, conditional enterprises have organized the establishment of independent welding workshops, increased workshop lifting equipment and improved welding techniques. For example, Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant established a welding workshop in 1975. At that time, the workshop area was 5,275 square meters, and the maximum lifting capacity was 50 tons. The welding process also developed from simple manual arc welding to submerged arc welding and electroslag welding. Semi-automatic cutting blanking and radiographic inspection methods. This shows that the application of welding technology in the machine tool industry has entered the comprehensive engineering technology field from the beginning, laying the foundation for the technical introduction of the third-stage machine tool products.
3. The leading process stage of welding technology
At this stage, the introduction of technology began in the early 1980s. At this stage, the machine tool industry promoted the rapid development of high-end advanced machine tools by introducing advanced foreign design and manufacturing technologies. For example, in the field of metal cutting machine tools, Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with Hitachi Seiki Co., Ltd. to produce K-type milling machine, and successfully developed a new series of CNC milling machines. At the same time, it cooperated with the Federal Republic of Germany WALDRICH COBURG. CNC gantry milling machine; Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with Yamazaki Iron Works of Japan to produce Mazak horizontal lathe, Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with French BMO Company to develop 4×10m large gantry beam mobile five-face machining center and Φ200 Large-scale CNC floor-type milling and boring machine and 2.4×13m large gantry mobile five-face machining center; Wuhan Heavy-duty Machine Tool Plant cooperates with Federal Republic of Germany Shishi Florip to produce a vertical level with a processing height of 1.4 to 2.5 meters. Heavy-duty machine tools such as lathes and floor milling and boring machines with a diameter of Φ260mm or more. In terms of forging machinery, Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool Plant took the lead in introducing the complete design, manufacturing and testing technology of eight series of 35 varieties of heavy-duty and super-heavy mechanical presses of American VERSON All-steel Machinery Press Company. The introduction, absorption and digestion stages of heavy forging equipment. Subsequently, in 1981, Huangshi Forging Machine Tool Plant introduced the drawings and manufacturing techniques of the Belgian hydraulic shearing machine and bending machine series. In 1986, Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant introduced the mechanical press manufacturing technology of Komatsu Group of Japan. In 1991, Shanghai Forging Machine Tool Plant cooperated with SCHULER of Germany to provide 14 600-ton closed-type four-point multi-link mechanical presses for Shanghai Volkswagen. In 1992, Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Plant cooperated with Alfte of Germany to introduce multi-link press manufacturing technology, and so on. Through the introduction, digestion and absorption, the design capability and manufacturing level of China's heavy-duty and ultra-heavy forging equipment have been rapidly improved, and they have basically reached and reached the international advanced level. At present, the domestic forging industry has developed more than 440 kinds of forging equipment. The heavy machinery press has been developed, the single machine capacity has reached 3,000 tons, the hydraulic bending machine has a single machine capacity of 4,000 tons, and has the ability to develop and manufacture single machine. The ability of over 4,500 tons of super heavy mechanical presses and large multi-station presses.
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