Tool market: nanotechnology will dominate

The rise of global raw materials and the increasing number of global competitors, creating value for customers with high-quality products and excellent services has become the key to competition. For this reason, tool manufacturers are also actively developing for themselves and for the progress of the whole industry. Seeking a better way out.
It can be seen from the distribution map of the world's major tool materials, in which high-speed steel accounts for 35% and cemented carbide accounts for 15%. At present, the main producing areas of tungsten are in the Alps, the Himalayas and the surrounding areas of the Pacific Ocean. China has 60% of its tungsten deposits. Due to the shortage of raw materials in the international market, the price of APT has increased from US$50 per ton to US$250 per ton in recent years. The increase in costs will eventually be passed on to the end users of the tool. At present, relevant research institutions in the world are conducting active research on such situations. The main research plan is to reduce the amount of tungsten in the tool as much as possible. The main method is to use tungsten or design special tool geometry only in the key part of the tool. . (Source: OECD, ifo- Institut, VDW, VDMA, Nationalassociation, GardnerPublications, this data does not include parts).
From the statistics of the tool industry, it can be seen that the proportion of cemented carbide will gradually increase in the future, while the ratio of high-speed steel products will gradually decrease. According to statistics from the Japan Tool Association, China has become the world's largest consumer of machine tools, followed by Japan, the United States, and Italy. Asia's economy is growing rapidly. According to statistics from the Asian Development Bank, China's GDP growth in 2007 was about 10%, and India was about 8%. In a good economic environment, the Japanese metal processing industry has continued to grow at a high rate in recent years. From the perspective of tool production value, the output of cemented carbide tools has continued to increase in recent years, while high-speed steel tools have begun to show a downward trend. Significant growth, the main export target is Asia, followed by Europe, then North America and other regions.
High-speed machining has been widely recognized as a processing technology that increases production and reduces manufacturing costs. The concept of dry or micro-lubrication is the main goal of the processing industry today to reduce environmental and production costs. For tool manufacturers and coating suppliers, the most important is productivity. Cutting performance (cutting speed, cutting time per unit time) is increased by 20%, and manufacturing costs are reduced by 15%. Increasingly demanding machining requirements require further development of tool materials and coatings, improved machining conditions and improved tool design. The current challenges and areas for improvement include: mechanical and structural properties: hardness, strength, wear resistance; thermal and chemical properties: heat resistance, insulation, catalytic properties; biological properties: adaptability, insecticidal properties Electronic and optical properties: reflectivity, transparency, etc. In recent years, (Ti, Al) coated cemented carbide tools have dominated the high performance tool market. The high demand in certain special applications has facilitated the development of special coatings or precision coatings.
Nano-derived "dwarf" in Greek, 1 nanometer is equal to 10 minus 9 square meters. Nanotechnology refers to the design and production of devices and systems capable of controlling the shape and size of material structures in the nanometer range. In the range of 0.1 to 100 nm. There are two main reasons why nanometers are important. One is that their surface/volume ratio gives them a unique surface property advantage; the other is the quantum effect.
The main forms of nanomaterials and nanostructured materials are: clusters, nanoparticles, nanolayers, nanofibers; multilayers (thickness of layers in the nanoscale range); nanostructured coatings or nanocoatings; nanostructured Granular materials, etc. Nanoscale coating: The coating has at least one dimension (such as a grain or a separate layer) of less than 100 nm. Nano-grain coatings have lower wear rates, higher hardness and strength than traditional coarse-grained coatings. The small particle size changes the fracture form and material removal mechanism of the coating, but the key problem is thermal stress. Keep the size of the particles underneath. The nano-hybrid coating comprises at least two phases (crystalline phase and amorphous phase) or two crystalline states. The size, volume and distribution of nanocrystals and the thickness of the amorphous phase need to be optimized to find a balance between the hardness and the strength, the thermal stability needs to be considered, and the non-mixing is shown during the coating process and later. Sex, decomposition of inflection points and segregation. The nano-multilayer structure is composed of alternating nano-layers of different materials, has anisotropic properties, enhances the performance of the single-layer coating, and improves the coating characteristics by mutually assisting different alternating layers.
It is optimistic that the value created by nanotechnology will reach $3 billion in the next seven to eight years, and even a pessimistic estimate can reach $1 billion.

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