**Classification and Determination of Shaft Seals** Home > Bearing Knowledge > Classification and Determination of Shaft Seals *Created on 2018/5/16* var cpro_id = "u3440131";

Classification and Determination of Shaft Seals

Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2013-08-29

/*250*250 was created on 2017/12/25*/ var cpro_id = 'u3171089';

A shaft seal is a critical component used in pumps to prevent leakage between the rotating shaft and the stationary pump casing. There are several common types of shaft seals, including packing seals, mechanical seals, and dynamic seals. In reciprocating pumps, packing seals are typically used. However, when handling media that must not leak, a diaphragm-type reciprocating pump is often preferred. For rotary pumps such as vane pumps or rotor pumps, the main sealing options include packing seals, mechanical seals, and power seals. 1. **Packing Seals** Packing seals are simple in design, cost-effective, and easy to maintain. However, they tend to have higher leakage rates and greater power loss. Therefore, they are suitable for non-critical applications, such as water transportation. They are generally not recommended for use with petroleum or chemical media, especially when dealing with valuable, flammable, or toxic substances. 2. **Mechanical Seals** Also known as end seals, mechanical seals offer superior sealing performance with minimal leakage. They are ideal for transporting hazardous or corrosive materials, such as those found in the petrochemical industry. According to the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard API 610, unless otherwise specified by the user, a cartridge mechanical seal should be installed. These seals can handle various viscosities, strong corrosives, and media containing solid particles. 3. **Dynamic Seals** Dynamic seals are divided into two main types: back blade seals and auxiliary impeller seals. During operation, the centrifugal force generated by the back blade or auxiliary impeller reduces the pressure at the shaft seal to normal or even negative levels, preventing leakage. However, during shutdown, the effect of the back blade or impeller is lost, and a secondary sealing device comes into play. In such cases, packing seals are commonly used alongside the dynamic system. Packing seals can be either conventional or mechanically elastic. The latter uses counterweights to loosen the packing during operation and compact it during shutdown. To ensure the longevity of the parking seal and reduce leakage, the inlet pressure of the pump should be controlled. The relationship is defined as: **Ps < 10% Pd** Where: - **Ps** = Pump inlet pressure (MPa) - **Pd** = Pump outlet pressure (MPa) Power seals are reliable, economical, and easy to repair. They are particularly suitable for pumping media with high solid content, such as slurry pumps, chemical pumps, corrosion-resistant pumps, and stainless steel pipeline pumps used in the phosphoric acid industry. However, compared to mechanical seals, they have higher power losses and shorter lifespans for their parking seals. --- **Related Bearing Knowledge** - Hardware Tips: A Detailed Analysis of the "SKF Bearing Stamp" - Foreign Imported Bearing Skills: Analysis of Bearing Clearance - Selection of Bearing Scales for NSK Imported Bearings - Super-Resistant Roll Bearings for Import --- This article is sourced from [China Bearing Network](http://). Please cite the original source: [China Bearing Network](http://). Previous: Japan NSK Single Row Double Row Cylindrical Roller Bearing Analysis Next: What to Pay Attention to When Using a Puller to Remove a Bearing

TOF Ranging Sensor

TOF (Time of Flight) ranging sensor is a type of sensor that measures distance by calculating the time it takes for a light signal to travel from the sensor to the target object and back. It uses laser or infrared light to emit a signal and measures the time it takes for the signal to return to the sensor. By knowing the speed of light, the sensor can accurately calculate the distance between itself and the target object.

TOF ranging sensors are commonly used in various applications such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and augmented reality. They provide accurate distance measurements and can be used for object detection, collision avoidance, gesture recognition, and mapping.

Compared to other distance measurement technologies like ultrasonic sensors or infrared proximity sensors, TOF ranging sensors offer several advantages. They provide higher accuracy, faster response times, and can work in various lighting conditions. They are also capable of measuring longer distances and can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications.

Overall, TOF ranging sensors are a versatile and reliable technology for measuring distances and are widely used in many industries for a range of applications.

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