**Abstract**
China's daily-use ceramics industry is growing rapidly and has become the world’s largest producer, exporter, and consumer of ceramics. However, despite its dominance in scale, it is not yet a true "manufacturing power." A detailed analysis reveals several key challenges that need to be addressed.
First, the export price of Chinese ceramic products remains low. The industry consumes significant resources, energy, and labor, but generates minimal profit. In 2010, the average export price per piece was just 34.62 cents, while imported porcelain could cost up to $4.90. This disparity is due to a lack of strong brand presence, limited innovation, poor quality control, and weak market reputation.
Second, production efficiency in China’s daily-use ceramics sector is generally low, with high costs, excessive energy consumption, and poor overall performance. This is partly due to imbalanced development in process technology. While raw material processing and firing are relatively advanced, the intermediate forming stage lags behind, often relying on outdated equipment and manual operations, which leads to inefficiency and lower productivity.
Additionally, the quality of molds used in ceramic production is subpar. Traditional gypsum molds are still widely used, but their performance is poor, resulting in low durability and inconsistent product quality. This increases replacement frequency, raises manufacturing costs, and hinders automation efforts.
Energy consumption is another major issue. The firing process accounts for 70–80% of total energy use, and inefficient kiln furniture contributes significantly to this high consumption. Improving energy efficiency is crucial for sustainable development.
To move forward, the industry must focus on three main directions: improving production efficiency, achieving energy savings and environmental protection, and enhancing product quality. Introducing advanced technologies and equipment from developed countries, or developing domestic alternatives through innovation, is essential for upgrading the entire industry.
Although China is the largest producer and consumer of daily-use ceramics, it is still far from being a true "manufacturing power." With continued investment in technology, innovation, and sustainability, the country is expected to overcome these challenges and establish itself as a global leader in the ceramic industry.
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**Ceramic Industry at Home and Abroad Faces Double Pressure**
In recent years, the ceramic industry has experienced significant turbulence. On one hand, it faces increasing pressure from international trade barriers and anti-dumping measures. On the other hand, domestic policies promoting energy conservation and emission reduction have intensified regulatory scrutiny.
In 2012, the EU initiated anti-dumping investigations against Chinese ceramics, imposing temporary tariffs ranging from 17.6% to 58.8%. Similar actions followed in Mexico, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Brazil, leading to a wave of trade restrictions. These measures have made it harder for Chinese manufacturers to compete in international markets.
At the same time, foreign buyers are also facing higher compliance costs due to stricter technical standards and social responsibility certifications like BSCI. Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are struggling, with some even considering closure or relocation to countries like Bangladesh or Vietnam.
Despite these challenges, China remains a key player in the global ceramic market. European importers, anticipating the long-term impact of anti-dumping duties, increased orders before the final tax implementation. This surge in demand temporarily boosted sales, but many experts believe the long-term effects will still be felt.
Domestically, the pressure from energy-saving and emission-reduction policies is also rising. For example, during the “13th Five-Year Plan†period, PM2.5 testing for industrial enterprises is being considered, and those failing to meet environmental standards may face shutdowns. The ceramic industry, known for its high pollution and energy use, is under intense scrutiny.
In cities like Foshan and Zibo, strict environmental regulations have already led to the closure of numerous small-scale producers. Some industry leaders warn that without significant improvements, most traditional ceramic factories may not survive the current regulatory environment.
To address these issues, the industry needs to undergo a transformation. Experts suggest moving toward resource-saving, environmentally friendly practices, and focusing on quality, innovation, and high-value production. Only by embracing these changes can China truly become a global ceramic manufacturing powerhouse.
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