The fundamental building block of fiberboard consists of individual wood fibers or fiber bundles. These fibers are primarily sourced from forest residues like branches, tree tops, and smaller diameter logs, as well as waste from wood processing, including sawdust, shavings, and trimmings. Additionally, byproducts from the chemical treatment of forest products, such as silicon residues and hydrolyzed materials, along with other plant stems, can also be utilized to produce fibers. Softwoods tend to have a higher fiber content compared to hardwoods, with their fibers being approximately 30 to 50% longer than those of broadleaf trees.
When working with hardwoods, a pretreatment step is necessary. This can involve mixing the hardwood with softwoods or subjecting the wood chips to chemical processes. Alternatively, hot water or steam treatments may be applied. Prior to fiber separation, the raw material is typically chipped into pieces measuring around 20 to 30 mm in length, 3 to 5 mm in thickness, and 15 to 25 mm in width using a chipper. Larger wood chips can be challenging to soften evenly during preheating and refining, leading to insufficient fiber separation. Conversely, if the chips are too small, there will be a higher proportion of broken fibers, which negatively impacts interlocking and results in reduced board strength. After passing through screening, regrinding, and washing processes, the chipped material is stored in a silo, ready for fiber separation.
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