In cold environments, starting a diesel engine can be challenging due to several factors. One of the main issues lies in the fuel system. When temperatures drop below 0°C, diesel fuel may contain moisture that forms ice particles, clogging the fuel filter and fuel lines. Additionally, low temperatures increase the viscosity of diesel, causing wax to precipitate and further hinder fuel flow, making it difficult for the engine to start.
A common solution is to use diesel with a suitable grade for the ambient temperature or to add antifreeze to improve fuel flow. However, high-grade diesel is expensive and less efficient, while methods like heating the fuel tank or using hot water are inconvenient and potentially unsafe.
To address these challenges, an **automatic temperature-controlled low-pressure fuel heating system** has been developed. This system allows the use of lower-grade diesel, such as 0# diesel, even at -10°C, ensuring smooth engine startup. The system includes components like an electric heating oil quantity sensor, heated fuel pipes, an integrated oil pump filter, and a fine filter heating jacket.
The electric heating oil quantity sensor not only monitors fuel level but also acts as a fuel outlet pipe, enabling the heater to warm the fuel and prevent wax buildup. The heating elements are made from materials like PTC thermistors, which offer safe, automatic temperature control without open flames. Inside the fuel pipe, a nickel-chromium alloy heating wire ensures consistent heat distribution, with a power output of about 20W per meter.
The integrated oil pump filter features a microcomputer unit and temperature sensor, automatically activating heating when the fuel temperature drops below 2°C. It also removes air and water from the fuel, improving overall performance. A separate heater is installed at the bottom of the filter to dissolve wax more effectively, increasing efficiency.
For air bubbles in the fuel line, an electromagnetic pump is used to quickly remove them, reducing pressure loss and improving engine responsiveness. Additionally, a heating jacket is wrapped around the fine filter to prevent wax accumulation, ensuring uninterrupted fuel flow.
From an economic perspective, using 0# diesel instead of -10# diesel can save approximately 0.37 yuan per liter, with better combustion efficiency and reduced fuel consumption by 1–3%. For a typical truck consuming 40 liters per 100 km, this could result in daily savings of around 150 yuan.
In conclusion, the automatic temperature-controlled low-pressure fuel heating system enhances vehicle performance in cold conditions, reduces reliance on expensive fuels, and improves engine efficiency. It offers significant economic benefits and represents a major technological advancement for heavy-duty vehicles.
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