Textile Accession Analysis and Countermeasures Feng Jibin After years of efforts, China joined the World Trade Organization at the end of last year. Although experts, scholars and entrepreneurs have done a lot of research or exploration before joining the WTO, after joining the WTO, especially in the first year of implementation, they still need to analyze opportunities and challenges, carefully formulate countermeasures, and use favorable conditions to overcome unfavorable factors and better. The textiles are melted into the WTO market.
1 Analysis of advantages and disadvantages 1.1 Favorable factors to eliminate textile export quotas, is conducive to China's textile enterprises to expand export markets. The original two yarns and two cloths, garments and towels are subject to quotas. After entering the WTO, they will be reduced year by year. By 2005, textile export quotas will be abolished. China is a big textile country, with a quarter of the world's fiber consumption, textile exports account for more than 20% of the country's total exports, and production capacity and gauze production rank first in the world. The abolition of quota textile exports will have more trade space, and the textile advantage will be fully utilized.
Lowering import tariffs is conducive to reducing costs by importing raw materials and equipment. The tariff within the cotton import quota was reduced to 1), and the import in 2002 was 743,000 tons. In 2004, it increased to 894,000 tons, and the internal tariff of polyester staple fiber was reduced from 18) to 5) in 2005, which made the cost of raw materials accounting for 70% of the production cost of cotton spinning enterprises affordable. Reducing the tariffs and canceling licenses and other non-tariff barriers for the introduction of international advanced equipment is beneficial to enterprises in reducing the cost of technological transformation.
The open investment sector is conducive to financing. After entering the WTO, it is necessary to follow the 'trade-related investment guidelines', the investment field is gradually opening up, and the pace of foreign investment is accelerating. It can be either a shareholding or a holding, and it can also set up a factory solely, and the company has expanded its financing channels.
Bringing technology, capital, variety and management will help improve the overall quality of the company. The introduction of high-tech equipment, especially new spinning, will promote technological advancement and product upgrades, extensive exchange of advanced technology and advanced management methods, and also promote the gap in technical quality of the company's product 1.2 unfavorable factors. US air spinning output accounts for 50% of the total cotton yarn production in the United States, and new spinning machines such as air-jet spinning account for 70% of the world's total capacity. Western Europe is expected to replace all ring spinning machines with compact ring spinning machines in five years from 2001. China's cotton spinning shuttleless looms are only 9.7), developed countries have reached 85), and Pakistan has reached 67). Product quality According to reports, the H value of combed cotton yarn and carded cotton yarn can reach the single digit order of magnitude in India, Pakistan and Indonesia, while some enterprises in China are in the order of ten digits or even hundreds of digits.
The gap in labor costs. In the developed countries, there are 60 people in developed countries, and a few enterprises have reached 30. In addition to a few coastal enterprises in China, most spinning mills use 200 spinning workers for hourly wages of less than 0.4 US dollars. The hourly wage is $0.62, and the increase in product costs will gradually lose the cost price advantage.
The gap in operating mechanisms. For those enterprises whose organizational structure, product structure and technical structure are more suitable for the planned economy and less suitable for the market economy, those enterprises that are overly dependent on state support, political and enterprise are not divided, and economic mechanisms are not alive, for those who bear heavy burdens, Enterprises with heavy debts and historical burdens will be affected.
The competition is more intense. The first reason is that the low-cost textile production in developing countries poses a threat to China's exports. Second, the international market is increasingly demanding textile quality and variety. Third, many countries are already WTO members, and they are familiar with the rules of the WTO game. China; Fourth, China can enter products into the international market, foreign countries can also enter the Chinese market, but also to build factories in China, the domestic market has also become an international market, competition is at hand.
2 countermeasure measures optimization and management optimization. 2.1 Improve product quality It is the quality of products to get the international market to compete. Therefore, the goal is to achieve the international advanced level of the cat, that is, to achieve the 5% of the yarn Uster Bulletin. At the same time of adopting international advanced testing instruments, we pay full attention to user standards, especially the three-wires that are the most taboo for export. We must pass the certification and certification of the 9000 system to institutionalize, standardize and standardize management, and obtain environmental protection product certification. Passes to enter the international market.
Strengthening the development of varieties and textiles in the ever-changing changes, the upgrading of products, especially the international market, pays special attention to the demand for new products. At present, the amount of functional fiber used abroad has increased year by year, including flame retardant fiber, antistatic fiber, UV resistant fiber, and antibacterial fiber. According to reports, in some countries, the elderly over 60 years old and children under 6 years old are required to wear flame-retardant fabrics. The use of functional fiber is 25% in Europe, 30% in the US, and 25% in Japan. In addition, flax and its blends are popular in Europe and America, fancy yarns are popular in Southeast Asia, and the demand for fully printed beach towels is increasing.
Accelerate technological progress from the increase of added value, improve quality, high starting point, meters with international advanced equipment. In addition to the introduction of combing machines, automatic winders, and Qinggang, it is also necessary to consider new high-tech spinning, such as fully automatic high-speed airflow machines and air-jet spinning machines. Other high-tech equipment, such as draw frame with self-leveling, compact ring spinning, double twisting machine, air jet spinning machine, rapier loom, flat screen printing machine, rapier towel machine with computer jacquard faucet, and fiber-catching Equipment, large-capacity cotton property detector HVI, etc., can make textile equipment and textile products on the steps. Enterprises should, according to their own strengths, create conditions for them, gradually move toward high, fine, and sharp, promote scientific and technological progress, and achieve industrial upgrading.
In addition, the new pilot plant for new products can also accelerate the development of new products.
Reduce the cost of labor to the principle of lean and efficient, and gradually implement the method of step-by-step, reduce labor, reduce costs, and enhance product competitiveness. By retire without replenishing people, the transfer will not make up, and the expansion will not increase the number of people to reduce employment. Taking advantage of the opportunity of the new pilot plant, the company will adjust the number of personnel within the company. The original branches will use more methods to improve automation, improve technical processes and change labor organization. The management personnel and the periphery must strictly control the number of people.
Joining the WTO can abolish textile export quotas and lower import tariffs, so that textile enterprises can obtain tangible benefits and must use this opportunity to increase opening up. The first is to increase the export of towels, clothing and cotton yarn, and strive for more foreign exchange. The second is to increase the intensity of imported high-tech equipment and components to promote technological progress. Then there is the need to import raw cotton and chemical fiber, and reduce the cost of raw materials. We plan to import 3,000 tons of raw cotton, choose countries and regions that do not contain sugar or trifilament, create conditions for yarn without three filaments, and lay the foundation for the export of grey cloth garments without three filaments.
Strengthening information management Other high-tech achievements in the industry can be applied to textiles, such as computer technology, sensing technology and combination of variable frequency speed control technology and cotton textile production technology, with draw frame with self-leveling, online control of carding Machines, etc., can improve efficiency and ensure quality. In order to fully understand the inside and outside of the factory, domestic and international trends, computer networking, computer office, e-commerce, online sales, etc. should be vigorously promoted. The current era is the information age, and information management is particularly important.
The development of human resources is the first factor, and the power of human beings is endless. Enterprises must not only have a group of scientific and technical personnel who are willing to sue, but they should have experts in quality defects such as gauze, hairiness, neps, coal ash, as well as core yarn, slub yarn, siro yarn, and difference. Experts in new products such as chemical fiber yarns and functional fiber yarns. There must also be a group of well-informed management personnel who should be familiar with the WTO rules, familiar with the customs and requirements of each country, should learn foreign trade, learn foreign languages, learn computers, learn e-commerce, and be good at foreign friends. At the same time, there is also a talent pool and a second echelon approach to train and enable a group of ambitious young people to continue to enrich their knowledge and grow rapidly.
Reform the operating mechanism to establish a modern enterprise system, operate in accordance with the company law, explore the company's listing approach, or foreign investment, or diversified investment, and explore various wage distribution models that can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees.
Joining the WTO is a major decision for China's reform and opening up. It is generally believed that the benefits of textiles into the world outweigh the disadvantages, but the favorable factors will not fall from the sky. For textile companies, they must self-pressurize and do everything they should do now.
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