Application of Bubble Water Level Gauge and Laser Water Level Gauge in Medium and Small Reservoirs
1. Principles and characteristics of the bubble water level gauge and precautions
1.1, principle
By the physics of equal static air pressure in the sealed container, the pressure at the bottom of the liquid is converted into the pressure of the compressed air, and the pressure at the bottom of the liquid is transmitted to the liquid surface through the blow pipe through the non-destructive pressure transfer of the compressed air. A precision diffused silicon pressure sensor measures the pressure of the compressed air and then obtains accurate level data by scaling the microprocessor.
1.2, characteristics
1.2.1 Advantages
1) High precision: full scale 0.1% (0~15m);
2) High reliability: under the pressure of 15m head, the measurement error does not exceed 0.1%, and the pressure change after continuous use for 6 months under normal pressure is not more than 0.1%.
3) Full temperature compensation: in the range of -25 ° C ~ 60 ° C, the measurement accuracy is unchanged
4) Data format and unit: BCD code, Gray code, binary code; water level unit: mm, cm, m
5) Anti-jamming design: The measurement parameters are set in E PROM, the sensor is powered down, and the setting is not affected.
6) Large voltage range: the sensor can work normally under 10~16V DC voltage
7) Simple installation and maintenance: fix the vent pipe at a certain elevation, keep the gas path from leaking, and replace the desiccant every three months (or replace it as appropriate)
1.2.2 disadvantages
1) The air pump is pumped directly into the air pipe. It must be pumped every time it is measured. When the data is frequently read, the air pump is easily damaged.
2) Without gas drying system, moisture enters the trachea, and the temperature and humidity changes cause the pressure inside the trachea to change, which affects the accuracy of water level measurement.
3) Frequent air pumping leads to increased power consumption.
4) It is easy to be blocked by sediment and difficult to maintain.
1.2.3 Installation
The location and presence of the sensor air tube probe is particularly important. It is related to the accuracy of the water level measurement. The position of the probe should be such that its position does not vibrate with water flow and surge. The trachea requires φ50mm stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel tube to protect the tube, buried in the ground as much as possible, the trachea must be along the downward slope, the curvature of all the corners of the protection tube should not be too sharp, should have a trachea Smooth passages, with high-density concrete blocks and a limited amount of stable insertion into key parts of the river bank to secure the air pipe to prevent flooding or collapse, or to fix the air pipe to an existing stable building. The air pipe outlet should be installed on Fix it at 0.5m below the minimum water level to avoid probe vibration or damage caused by water flow and surge. Install a 2000 cubic centimeter water purification device in the overly turbid water body to improve the accuracy of the water level gauge.
1.2.4 Bubble type water level gauge should pay attention to matters
The water level probe (air pipe outlet) must be fixed and avoid silt and water and otherwise affect measurement accuracy or even blockage.
1.2.5 Problems that are prone to use
The water level gauge measures the net pressure value of the water head to realize its monitoring task. The air pump pressure is constant, then the net pressure value of the water head is related to the water body density, that is, the accuracy of the measured value is closely related to the sediment concentration of the water body. The density of river waters is constantly changing, and each measurement will produce errors. If the density correction is set every 1~2 hours, it is not conducive to real-time monitoring of the water level and unattended operation.
2. Principle and characteristics of laser water level gauge
2.1, principle
When the water level gauge (level gauge) is measured, the controller emits a red laser beam coupled into the optical fiber, which is transmitted to the measurement site through the optical fiber and then irradiated onto the float by the probe. The reflected light carries the measurement data back to the controller, and the controller measures the water level. The data can be displayed directly on the LCD or output via the communication module.
2.2, characteristics
2.2.1, advantages
1. Easy to install, only need to install laser protection tube;
2 GPRS signal transmission, no long distance wiring;
3. High precision, up to ±3mm;
4. Large measuring range, 0~22m;
5. Good stability, not afraid of electromagnetic interference;
6. The debugging is simple, only need to be zeroed once, and there is no drift in the later stage without calibration;
7. Multi-point monitoring, providing data services and supporting web and mobile phone access;
8. Grading warning, warning of different levels of water levels;
9. Mobile phone, network alarm, water level information is sent quickly;
10 powered by solar energy, no need to worry about the impact of power failure measurement;
11. Low power consumption, can run for 60 days without the sun.
2.2.2, shortcomings
Installation is difficult in deeper waters without the support of a laser-protected tube wall or a still water well.
2.2.3 Installation
It is only necessary to install a laser beam protection tube with a diameter of 100 mm vertically or obliquely, which solves the problems of difficulty in constructing a standard shaft and the cost.
3. Analysis and comparison
The medium and small reservoirs can be divided into 3 types: 1. The reservoir has vertical wall surface; 2. The reservoir has inclined wall surface; 3. The reservoir dam is built with mud, neither vertical wall nor inclined wall surface, only irregular soil slope. The bubble type water level gauge and the laser water level gauge are installed in the same way in the first type and the second type of reservoir, but the bubble type water level gauge needs to use the galvanized steel pipe as the air pipe protection pipe, and the installation difficulty is relatively large. In the third type of reservoir, the bubble type water level gauge gas pipeline needs to be buried, and the laser water level gauge needs to establish the installation pillar. The installation difficulty of the two water level gauges is not much different. However, during the flood season, the laser water level gauge can be installed in sections, that is, the laser water level gauge completes the water surface installation during the flood period and the laser protection tube is installed to the water 2m (using stainless steel "target=_blank> stainless steel tube can be installed) To the underwater 4m), ensure that the water level is accurately measured. In the dry season, the lower part of the laser protection tube is extended below the dead water level. The bubble type water level gauge cannot be installed in the flood season because the underwater probe part needs to be fixed. The small and medium-sized reservoirs were started in May. At this time, the reservoirs in Wuhan are in a period of high water. It is not conducive to the installation of bubble water level gauges. In summary, the laser water level gauges are more suitable for small and medium reservoirs than bubble water level gauges.
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