Solar water heaters convert solar energy into heat and heat water from low to high temperatures to meet the hot water use in life and production. Solar water heaters are divided into vacuum tube solar water heaters and flat panel solar water heaters according to the structure. Currently, vacuum tube solar water heaters are the mainstay, accounting for 95% of the domestic market share. The vacuum tube type domestic solar water heater is composed of a heat collecting tube, a water storage tank and a bracket and the like, and the conversion of solar energy into heat energy mainly depends on the heat collecting tube. The heat collecting tube utilizes the principle that the hot water floats on the cold water to make the water generate micro-circulation to reach the required hot water. Vacuum tube working principle diagram:
First, the heat absorption process
The solar radiation passes through the outer tube of the vacuum tube and is absorbed by the collector coating and then transferred to the water in the tube along the inner tube wall. After the water in the tube absorbs heat, the temperature rises, the specific gravity decreases and rises, forming an upward power, forming a thermosyphon system. As the hot water continuously moves up and is stored in the upper part of the water storage tank, while the lower temperature water is continuously replenished along the other side of the tube, the whole tank water is raised to a certain temperature. The flat type water heater is generally a split type water heater. The medium is naturally circulated by the thermosyphon in the heat collecting plate, and the heat of the solar radiation on the heat collecting plate is timely transmitted to the water tank, and the heat exchange (jacket or coil) is adopted in the water tank. Heat is transferred to cold water. The medium can also transfer heat through the pump cycle.
Second, the circulation pipeline
Domestic solar water heaters usually work in a natural circulation with no external power. The vacuum tube solar water heater is a direct insertion structure, and the hot water is powered by gravity. Flat-panel solar water heaters are powered by tap water pressure (called top water). The solar central heating system uses pump circulation. Since the solar water heater has a small heat collecting area, in consideration of heat energy loss, pipeline circulation is generally not used.
Third, the top water use process
The flat-panel solar water heater works in the top water mode, and the vacuum tube solar water heater can also implement the top water working mode. The water tank can be jacketed or coiled. The advantage of the top water work is that the water supply pressure is the tap water pressure, which is larger than the natural gravity type pressure, especially when the installation height is not high. The water temperature is high and then low during the use, easy to grasp, the user is easy to adapt, but the tap water is required. Maintain water supply capacity. The solar water heater in the top water working mode is more expensive and higher in price than the gravity water heater.
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