The latest changes in the processing technology of suckling pigs and the selection of major equipment

In general, feeding in the piglet stage has a great relationship with its future growth performance. The weight of weaned piglets is not only directly related to the rate of fattening in the future, but also affects the fattening quality of finishing pigs. Piglets are weak and vulnerable to disease, death or malnutrition. The feeding work in the lactation stage is complicated and complicated; the salivary amylase, sucrase, maltase and pepsin activities are very low at birth, and the nerve and body fluid regulation are not Completely established, gastric acid secretion is late, and the speed of food emptying through the stomach is also very fast. For these reasons, the digestive function of piglets is very imperfect, and there should be high-quality piglets to be adapted to them, otherwise it will easily cause indigestion in piglets. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

So what kind of suckling pig is a good quality piglet? The author believes that high-quality suckling pigs should have good palatability, piglets love to eat and not squat, low feed and meat ratio, fast growth, good solution to weaning stress, good adaptability to the development needs of scale farms, feeding A piglet that is economically convenient and can withstand market tests and has a large sales volume is a good piglet. It not only requires a good scientific formula but also a good and sophisticated processing technology, and the formulation is the means of processing. How to turn a good scientific formula into a quality product is determined by the processing technology, so once the formula is determined, the processing technology is the key. Reasonable formula, high-quality raw materials, only in the reliable processing equipment and scientific process can produce high-quality feed. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The main ingredients of the suckling pig feed are cereal starch (corn) and detoxified soy protein. The main purpose of processing is to sterilize and to gelatinize the starch. These are not difficult to achieve, the key is how to rationally configure the processing equipment and processing technology, in order to maximize the starch gelatinization of the suckling pigs while minimizing the loss of other nutrients, and maximize the maximum Production capacity, reducing the power consumption per unit of production, thereby reducing processing costs. This article makes a brief discussion on the key processes and equipment selection in the processing of suckling pigs. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

1 The processing technology and problems of the piglet feed before the ibk China feed industry information network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

In the past production of suckling pig feed, the corn was crushed and directly mixed with other materials to be processed into a batch or granulation (or processed into a pot by a puffing machine). The main problems in this production process are that there is no ripening or low degree of gelatinization (degree of ripening), and the digestibility of piglets after feeding is low, which affects the breeding efficiency. Second, the temperature inconvenience is too high in the curing process because of various additives. It has been added, and the high temperature will have an adverse effect on certain additives. If the temperature is low, the degree of ripening cannot be improved, so it is difficult to produce high-grade feed. Even if the final use of the extruder for maturation processing can only use the ring gap discharge method (the past production process basically adopts this method), the sheet material (pot material) is produced, and then crushed and sieved. However, the so-called "pots and materials" produced by such processing technology also have the fatal weakness of low maturity, low digestion and absorption rate, and low meat-to-meat ratio. At present, this material has a tendency to be eliminated by the market. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2 The latest processing technology ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

Since 2003, people of insight in the feed industry have begun to experiment with new sucking pig processing and have achieved great success. This new process is: corn → pulverization → puffing → cooling → pulverization → (mixing with other ingredients) → granulation → cooling → metering packaging. The biggest advantage of this process for processing suckling pigs is that the starch gelatinization (maturation) is high, the digestibility of piglets after feeding is high, no adverse effects on other additives, and the formulation adjustment is convenient, which greatly improves the production of high-grade suckling pigs. Feasibility of the material. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.1 The crushing process ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

At present, the quality of the crusher produced by the well-known large-scale feed machinery manufacturers in China is good. When purchasing, it is only necessary to select the model that matches the subsequent production capacity. Generally, Ñ„ 2 - Ñ„2.5 can be selected for the sieve mesh hole. The small energy consumption of the mesh hole is uneconomical, and the mesh hole is large and does not meet the processing requirements of the milk pig material. The feeding device of the pulverizer (the pulverizer is generally not shipped with the device) is very important. For small feed mills that are not highly automated, manual gates are often used to control feed volume. Large-scale feed mills often use impeller-type or spiral-type automatic control feeders, and their rotational speeds are adjustable to change the rotational speed and thus change the feed amount. The more advanced control method is to use a negative feedback circuit to control the feed amount of the feeder through the current of the pulverizer. Most of the discharging methods of the pulverizer adopt a spiral conveying method and a vacuum suction method. Generally, a pulse dust collector is arranged, which is placed at the opposite end of the outlet of the auger, and has both functions of dust removal and suction. This method not only ensures the dust removal of the pulverizing system, but also reduces the energy consumption of the pulverizer. A good suction system can increase the output of the mill by about 20%. The amount of suction is generally determined by the sieve speed of the pulverizer, and is generally 2 m/s to 2.5 m/s. When selecting a screw conveyor, its conveying capacity should be more than 10% larger than the mill output. The raw corn is pulverized and then put into the warehouse, and the next processing step - puffing processing. In the process design, it should be noted that the material can flow smoothly to the extruder, and the material cannot be broken during the expansion process. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.2 The selection and process design of the extruder - Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The puffing process is one of the key processes in the production of whole suckling pigs. The main purpose of puffing is to sterilize and to gelatinize starch. Among them, increasing the degree of gelatinization of starch is the key. The spiral extrusion extruder is a highly adaptable processing equipment. In the past, people thought that the adaptability of the extruder was limited, not omnipotent. An extrusion extruder was not effective in processing any material, and sometimes it was impossible. Now studies have shown that it is a reality to change the spiral combination and discharge mode by replacing a small number of parts. Domestic expansion technology has made great progress since the 1990s. There are already a large number of commercial models with main motor supporting power of 132kw and 160kw. There are several well-known large-scale extruder manufacturers in the country, including some advanced machines. type. For example, the Modern Agricultural Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. Livestock and Poultry Machinery Division (China Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Institute of Animal and Poultry Machinery) is the earliest unit to start research and promotion of extruders in China. The production of extruders has been scaled and serialized. In terms of structure, performance, and reliability of use, the technology is very mature, and the expansion characteristics of various materials have been thoroughly studied. Based on this, the technology is continuously improved and improved. In particular, the 4000SAL multi-functional extruder, a new generation of extruders launched in 2003, adopts and absorbs a large number of users' practical experience and suggestions for improvement, especially for bearing housings, spindles, spirals, steam plugs, The key components such as puffing chamber and wear ring have been effectively improved, the surface hardness and wear resistance have been improved, and the service life has been prolonged. The service life of main wear parts spiral (rod), steam plug and wear ring is other manufacturers. More than 3 times of similar products; further research on the puffing mechanism, a large number of experiments on different materials, although the expansion mechanism of corn is not the same as soybean (the difficulty of puffing corn is greater than soybean), but by replacing a small number of parts Really achieve a multi-functional machine, which can puff corn, soybean, soybean meal, rice bran, cotton aphid and other raw materials can also directly puff the compound feed. The reliability of the whole machine is at the domestic leading level, and its main performance indicators (productivity, corn starch gelatinization degree, urease activity index value and puffed feed quality) have reached the international advanced level. In particular, the excellent performance of the machine in puffed corn is comparable to that of similar models in the same period of the world, and is well received by users. Among them, the Twin Group has used more than 15 such machines since 2003. The Group has used more than 8 units since 2004. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The expansion unit is an important equipment in the expansion processing line and can be started and operated independently. However, the process effect is directly affected by the process effects of the front and rear processing equipment, and even if the current process is not handled properly, the extruder may not operate normally. Therefore, a reasonable process design, not only must the correct selection of the host, but also the matching of the auxiliary equipment on the production line and the determination of the process parameters can not be ignored. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The spiral (rod) type extrusion extruder is an uncomplicated device from a mechanical point of view, but the extrusion process is sensitive to fluctuations in operating parameters, especially the operating temperature, feed rate and material composition of the expansion chamber ( Changes including water content). The fluctuation of operating parameters is often caused by human factors, so the relative stability of the operator's job position and the improvement of work quality are important conditions for ensuring stable operation of production. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.3 Cooling of material (corn) after expansion ikb China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

After the material is expanded, the temperature and moisture are relatively high. In order to ensure the quality of the product and facilitate the next process, it must be cooled rapidly. At present, the extrusion mode of the puffed corn is mainly the template discharge, and the geometrical size is relatively large, and the counter-flow counter-cooler or the drum-type cooler should be selected. The flap counterflow cooler has a small footprint but a high height, and the drum cooler has a low height but a relatively large footprint. The cooler can be reasonably configured according to its production capacity combined with the height of the site space. In general, the chiller is shipped without a fan or a shut-off, but the chiller manufacturer can be consulted about the fitted fan and airlock. Generally speaking, a wind volume adjustment door must be installed at the fan outlet to cool materials of different characteristics. In addition, at the time of installation, Shakron and air ducts are preferably insulated with asbestos to prevent wind clogging caused by condensed water in winter. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

Re-grinding of the material after puffing. Since the material has a relatively large geometrical size after being expanded, in order to facilitate the work of the next batching and mixing process, the material must be re-pulverized. This smash is very simple, the energy consumption is very low, and the pulverizer with a smaller power than the raw material pulverizer can be selected. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

2.4 granulation ikb China feed industry information network - based on feed, service animal husbandry

Granulation is another important part of the production process of suckling pigs. The pellet feed has the advantages of uniform nutrient distribution, convenient storage and transportation, and no automatic classification, and is widely used in the breeding industry. The quality of the granulation mechanism directly affects the quality of the feed. The granulator is a traditional thermal processing equipment, which is divided into a ring mold and a flat mold. At present, the ring mold granulator is more common. However, when choosing, be sure to consider the chemical composition and physical properties of the ingredients. The chemical components of raw materials mainly include protein, starch, fat, cellulose and the like. The physical properties of the raw materials mainly include particle size, moisture, bulk density and the like. For a long time, people have neglected this problem. In fact, many structural parameters of the granulator, such as the aspect ratio of the die hole, should be included in the process design considerations. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

In the past, in order to improve the granulation efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, the feed mill often used large-die pore granulation and then crushed large particles through a crusher. After the granular material is crushed, it should enter the grading sieve classification, the large particle returning crusher is broken again, and the fine powder enters the pellet machine for secondary granulation. Such a process adds both equipment and cumbersomeness. At present, the more advanced method is to directly produce high-quality pellets by changing the aspect ratio of the granulator ring mold. In fact, since the main raw material has been expanded, the granulation is difficult, which not only improves the productivity but also greatly reduces the wear of the ring mold, thereby reducing the production cost. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

In fact, the total processing technology has not increased in the total amount of equipment, and other processing procedures have not changed. As can be seen from the above, the new processing technology for suckling pigs is only a slight change in the process of puffing and granulation. But this change has caused revolutionary changes in the processing of suckling pigs. Ibk China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

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