The content of nutrients in peppers is high, and the metastasis rate is low. Most of the nutrients in stems and leaves are difficult to transfer to fruits. The nutrient content in stems, leaves and flowers is equivalent to that of fruits. Therefore, peppers belong to crops with large fertilizer demand.
First, the characteristics of fertilizer
1, hi nitrate, potassium fertilizer.
Pepper is an infinite growth type, with buds on the side and flowers on the side. The pepper grows long, warm, hi-light, but the root system is underdeveloped, the root amount is small, the soil is shallow, it is not drought-tolerant, it is not resistant to phlegm, and it requires more fertilizer and stronger fertilizer resistance. Generally, nitrogen (N) 3-5.2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.6-1.1 kg, potassium (K2O) 5-6.5 kg, and absorption ratio of 1:0.2:1.3 are required for every 1000 kg produced. Peppers are heavy in nitrogen and potassium, but the demand for phosphate fertilizer is not large. In addition, calcium, magnesium and boron are in large demand.
Pepper is better with potassium nitrate fertilizer, and every day, Hejia can choose.
2. Dependent on fertilizer.
Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers absorbed by peppers in their lifetime, 60% of which are nitrogen and 67% of which are derived from fertilizers. Therefore, during the growth of peppers, multiple topdressing is required.
3. Fertility requirements during the growth period
The amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by pepper in different growth stages is also different.
1 From emergence to bud, the roots of the plants are small, the leaves are small, and the nutrients needed are also small.
2 From the bud to the initial flowering plant, the growth of the plant is accelerated, the plant is rapidly expanded, and the absorption of nutrients is increased.
3 From the initial flower to the full bloom, the result is a period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, which is the period in which nitrogen is most absorbed.
4 From flowering to maturity, the vegetative growth of the plant is weak, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium is large.
Summary: Capsicum flowers to fruit set, need more nitrogen fertilizer; fruit to maturity, need more potassium fertilizer.
Second, fertilization technology
(1) Base fertilizer
Capsicum is a Solanaceae crop that is sensitive to chlorine and avoids chlorine crops. Therefore, the compound fertilizer can only use potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer.
1. Dosage: 4000-5000 kg of farmer's fertilizer, 45% of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 45-60 kg or 51% pure sulfur-based compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 40-50 kg. If there is no farmyard manure, it is best to apply a balanced amount of compound fertilizer when adding balanced fertilizer.
2, usage: 60% of the preparation before the preparation of the ground, 40% of the ditch when planting, to ensure the demand for fertilizer for a long time.
(two) topdressing
Topdressing is generally in the evening, about 15 cm from the roots, and then watered after the chase. The principle of topdressing is a small number of times.
The first top dressing: after the initial flowering period of the pepper, the first top dressing is carried out while sitting on the fruit.
When most of the plants are peppered, the second water is poured, and combined with watering, the fertilizer is re-applied. Generally, every time the fruit is harvested, it is combined with watering and topdressing once, and each time a high nitrogen and high potassium fertilizer is applied per acre.
Summary: Chili is used as a fresh pepper and has a dried pepper. Nitrogen fertilizer when topdressing fresh peppers, but not excessive, otherwise the rate of fruit set is low. The focus of making dried peppers is on the basis of the redness of the fruit, and it is necessary to trace the nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of potassium fertilizer. Potassium is an element that determines the color and quality of dried peppers.
(three) foliar spray fertilizer
1. During the growth of pepper, it is best to combine the pests and diseases when spraying, after spraying the fruit, appropriate spraying 0.2%-0.4% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, about 50 kg per mu for 7 days, with less fertilizer. The absorption rate is high and the conversion rate is high, which can effectively prevent falling flowers and fruits.
2. For the south, the acidic soil is prone to calcium deficiency. Therefore, it is appropriate to spray calcium fertilizer to control the umbilical cord rot of about 50 kg per mu.
3. At the peak of fresh pepper harvesting, the pepper needs to absorb a large amount of magnesium fertilizer, 0.5-1% magnesium nitrate solution, about 50 kg per mu, and spray several times.
4. When the pepper is deficient in boron, use 0.1% borax solution, 50-100 kg per mu, and spray once every 7 days.
Third, matters needing attention
1. Nitrogen control and potassium increase: Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the initial flowering stage to prevent stems and leaves from growing and falling. If the upper part of the stem is obviously thickened, the leaf is too large, and the petiole is bent downward, which tends to cause the fruit to fall after flowering. Once such a phenomenon occurs, it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of potassium fertilizer.
2, to prevent roots: human excrement must be applied after decomposing with water; fertilizer should be combined with watering for topdressing, each dose should not be too much.
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