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Cucumber planting time
Spring cucumber planting time
Spring cucumber refers to the cucumber that is raised in winter and harvested in spring. Let's take a look at the sowing time and planting time of spring cucumber:
1. Sowing time of spring cucumber: The sowing date of spring cucumber is determined according to the planting period. The suitable calendar age for planting is 40-50 days, and the physiological seedling age is four leaves and one heart. If the calculation is based on the calendar age, the seeding will be carried out 40 to 50 days before the planting. The length of physiological seedling age is related to the method of seedling raising. It takes 50 to 55 days to grow seedlings in Yangshuo or solar greenhouses; 45 to 50 days in warming greenhouses; and 45 days in greenhouses using electric heating lines. Therefore, the seedling methods are different and the sowing time is different. Practice has proved that rapid seedling not only saves time, but also emerges quickly and vigorously, with high output in the early stage. Where possible, try to use rapid seedlings.
2, the colonization time of spring cucumber: the colonization time of spring yellow claws is after the local night frost, the average temperature is more than 18t. The Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang areas are generally planted after the end of April. In order to slow down the seedlings, you should choose a sunny day to plant seedlings, not to plant in cloudy and windy days. The density of colonization is mainly determined by the characteristics of the variety.
Autumn cucumber planting time
Autumn cucumber cultivation is only in the frosty area refers to the cultivation before the beginning of the first frost, while in the perennial frost-free area, it is the cucumber listed in the autumn of summer cucumber. The growth period of autumn cucumber is only 80-90 days, which can be directly cultivated. It can also be transplanted, planted in open fields or greenhouses.
Autumn cucumbers are generally sown about 70 days before the frost, and seedling transplanting can be carried out 7 to 10 days in advance. Because the seedling stage and the pre-growth period are in the hot and rainy season, the autumn cucumber has serious pests and diseases and the yield is low.
Cucumber planting technology
Early spring greenhouses are produced with four membranes, and pollution-free cucumbers can be harvested in advance for about 20 days. It is generally planted in mid-January, planted in late February, harvested in mid-March, and ended in early July. The output is 12,000 kg/mu and the income is over 8,000 yuan/mu. Its cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
1, seeding seedlings
(1) Variety selection Choose excellent varieties with low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance and strong disease resistance in the early stage, such as Jinyou 10 and Bo Na 3.
(2) Seed treatment 1 to 3 days before sowing, the seeds are sun-baked for 10 to 15 minutes with warm water of 55 ° C, and the mixture is continuously stirred until the water temperature drops to 30-35 ° C, and the seeds are repeatedly washed. Wash the mucus with water, soak for 3 to 4 hours, wrap the soaked seeds in a clean damp cloth, and germination for 1 to 2 days at 28 to 32 °C, and sow seeds when the seeds are 70% "white".
(3) Preparation of nutrient soil and soil The application of nutrient soil in the past 3 to 5 years has not been mixed with garden soil or large field soil mixed with high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer accounted for 30%, soil and organic fertilizer mixed screen. The screened nutrient soil is added to 100 g of carbendazim per 1 cubic meter of soil and mixed into a medicinal soil.
(4) Seeding period of seedlings is mid-January or late, can be raised in warm greenhouse or energy-saving solar greenhouse, using nutrient mortar with diameter of 10cm and height of 10cm, containing 8cm of nutrient soil, pouring water, water after per nutrition One germinated seed was planted in the sputum, and the medicinal soil was covered with a thickness of 1 cm, and the mulch was covered flat to protect the sputum.
(5) Seedling management 1 After sowing, the membrane is sealed for 2 to 3 days. When 2/3 of the seed cotyledons are unearthed, the mulch is removed. Minimize watering during the seedling period to prevent high-temperature and high-humidity from appearing in high seedlings, and timely uncover grass to increase light. 2 temperature management: the general daytime temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 30 ° C, should not be too high, the night temperature must be controlled below 15 ° C, preferably 12 ~ 13 ° C, 7 to 10 days before planting, for refining, greenhouse grass Early cover and night cover, reduce watering, increase ventilation and time, keep 20 ~ 25 ° C during the day, 8 ~ 10 ° C at night, and need 1 ~ 2 short 5 ° C exercise. 3 strong seedling standards: seedling age about 35 days, plant height 15 ~ 20cm, 3 leaves 1 heart, cotyledons intact, internodes short and thick, leaves thick green moon thick, roots developed, strong and disease-free.
2. Preparation before planting
(1) Fertilization and application of soil preparation should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. The fertilization method is mainly based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirement, soil nutrient content and target yield, expert fertilization is used. System, determine the amount of fertilizer applied to the vegetables, and carry out balanced fertilization to ensure the balance of nutrients in the soil. For medium-fertilizer vegetable fields, 5000kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 20kg of urea, 75kg of superphosphate, and 30kg of potassium sulfate are generally applied per mu. After the base fertilizer is applied, the ground is turned over 30~40cm, the soil and fertilizer are mixed and flattened, and the raft is made according to the width of 1.2m. The ridges are two high ridges of 10~15cm, and the ridge distance is 50cm.
(2) shed film hanging skylight early spring greenhouse using "four film cover", that is, a layer of greenhouse film, two layers of sky curtain film and a layer of small arch shed film on the seedlings, 20 days before planting deduction of greenhouse film, in order to improve ground temperature, in the greenhouse The inner 10cm temperature can be stably stabilized by 12°C for 3 days. 5 to 7 days before planting, the sky curtain is 2 layers, spaced 20 to 30 cm apart. It is best to use a polyethylene drop-free film with a thickness of 0.012 mm.
3, colonization
1 day before planting, spray a fungicide on the seedbed. 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 77% can kill 700 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Colonization should be carried out on sunny days in the morning. The ridge is ditched and watered. When the water seeps into the semi-ditch water, the seedlings are placed at a distance of about 32cm. After the water seeps, the soil is sealed. This method is called “water stable seedlingâ€, and about 3500 plants per acre are planted. Small arch shed.
4. Field management
(1) Temperature: After planting, the ground temperature is low, and it is necessary to immediately suffocate the shed. Even if the temperature exceeds 35 °C in a short time, it will not release the wind, so as to increase the ground temperature as soon as possible to promote the slow seedling. There is no excessive temperature during the slow seedling period, and there is no need to release the air. The small arch shed opens in the morning to increase the soil temperature as quickly as possible. After the seedlings are slowed down according to the weather conditions, the time should be 21 to 28 °C for more than 8 hours, and the minimum temperature for nighttime should be maintained at around 12 °C. As the outside temperature rises, the air outlet is gradually increased. When the outside temperature is stable above 12 °C, it can be ventilated day and night. The temperature in the greenhouse is 25 to 30 °C during the morning and 20 to 25 °C in the afternoon.
(2) cultivating loose soil: 3 to 4 times of cultivating loose soil after slow seedling, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with cultivating to melon seedlings and ridges, and finally forming small high ridge cultivation.
(3) Watering: After planting, it is necessary to pour a slow seedling water, and then do not dry it. When the cucumber grows to 12 leaves, about 60% of the oysters have a small melon of about 12cm, and the urea is 5-10 kg + Keweitai 20-20-20 water soluble fertilizer 4 kg, into the melon period After the increase in water demand, the watering interval should be adjusted due to factors such as growth and weather; 8 kg of Keweitai 20-8-26 water-soluble fertilizer + 10-15 kg of nitrate-based compound fertilizer per acre, 7 days before the growth period of cucumber Water is poured once every 10 days, water is poured once every 5 to 7 days, and water is poured once every 3 to 5 days. Watering in the early stage is better than watering in the morning.
(4) Topdressing: After entering the meloning period, combined with watering for topdressing, generally with water and fertilizer, each time per mu, per acre with Keweitai 14-6-40 water soluble fertilizer 8 kg + nitric oxide compound fertilizer 10-15 kg.
(5) Humidity: The relative humidity of cucumber in greenhouse should be controlled below 85%. Try to make the leaves not condensation or dripping. It is best to use long-lived drip to reduce fog and greenhouse film. After watering in the morning on a sunny day, the greenhouse should be closed to 33 °C, and then slowly open the tuyere to let the air drain. The temperature drops to 25 ° C, close the tuyere, so do 2 to 3 times a day, for 2 to 3 consecutive days, reduce the air humidity in the shed.
(6) Plant adjustment: When the plant grows to 7-8 leaves, the plant height is about 25cm, the small arch shed is removed, and the sling is started. The side vines below the first melon should be removed early, and the leaves should be topped for 2 leaves. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, pick the heart and promote the return of the head melon. The root melon should be picked in time to avoid falling.
(7) Removal of the small arch shed and the sky curtain: The small arch shed is generally removed 15 to 20 days after the planting. As the external temperature rises, the skylight is gradually removed, and the light transmittance is increased. Generally, the lower sky can be removed in mid-March, and the second layer can be withdrawn at the end of March and early April.
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