Lithium-ion batteries have become popular in people's daily lives (everywhere in electric cars and mobile phones), but researchers are still trying to create a more secure version. Lithium-ion batteries are well-known for their "small build and large capacity," but they can easily cause irritations at high temperatures. To avoid "self-ignition", replacing the flammable liquid electrolyte with a solid form may be a way to overcome this problem. Researchers have just given a possible answer. They have created a solid-state lithium-ion battery that can withstand high temperatures of 100°C without catching fire.
The current battery can be used well at temperatures of 95°C (203°F) and above.
Even if you don't have the experience of exposing your phone to the sun, you may recall the high-temperature warning on the screen, such as "please cool down your phone before continuing to use it."
This is because the liquid electrolyte in the battery can expand or ignite at high temperatures. Improper charging and overheating can be one of the causes of this type of malfunction.
Although the probability of lithium battery failure is not high, but its total possession in the world is still quite amazing, of course, you certainly do not want to hand the iPhone or driving electric cars encountered such an accident.
Researchers hope that lithium batteries will become safer by building smart chips to monitor battery health or replacing liquid electrolytes with solid components.
The electrolyte is flooded between the positive and negative electrodes, and the solid-state battery is obviously more resistant to high temperatures, although this concept also brings another problem - how to connect the solid-state electrode and the solid-state electrolyte, allowing the charge to flow and reduce as much as possible Resistance, and charging time.
Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich presented a battery design that claimed to have solved the problem. They compare the new battery to a sandwich, the electrode is two slices of bread, and the solid electrolyte is the middle layer of meat.
Garnet is a mineral that forms a variety of gemstones. It is used as the abrasive material in water jet cutting and is also the most conductive material known in lithium ion.
The team meticulously produced such a solid garnet electrolyte to take advantage of its porous surface properties. The viscous negative electrode allows it to penetrate into the hole so that the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte is very large, which means that the battery can be charged faster.
During the test, the team found that it can withstand high temperatures of 100°C (212°F). Co-author Jan van den Broek said: "Batteries using liquid or gel electrolytes cannot withstand such high temperatures."
At the current stage, the battery's optimal operating temperature is 95°C (203°F) and above. This temperature can better promote the movement of lithium ions. As for the application prospects, it is also suitable for deployment in energy storage power plants.
Details of this study have been published in the recently published "Advanced Energy Materials" journal.
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