Burma's mahogany crisis raises alarm

The general view tends to think that trees are renewable natural resources, but precious hardwood has been cut down in many countries. Because of greed, Burma â€™s mahogany is also facing threats.

Mahogany is a general term for tropical specialty trees, mainly including the yellow genus Pterocarpus, red sandalwood, persimmon and genus Cliff vine. The wood is mostly deep red and has excellent texture. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China has enjoyed playing with high-priced decorative furniture and imported a large amount of mahogany.

Mahogany furniture

Myanmar is one of the countries with the richest biodiversity hotspots in Asia, and many precious rosewood varieties are highly praised in the Chinese furniture market. Although Myanmar â€™s forest coverage and hardwood stocks have been shrinking for decades, the logging and smuggling of redwoods has reached an unprecedented scale in the past three years.

In 2013 alone, Myanmar sold 237,000 cubic meters of mahogany wood to China, which has tripled from the previous year. According to estimates, this is equivalent to 1/13 of Myanmar's mahogany stock. In other words, if you cut down at this rate, Burmese rosewood will disappear in 13 years.

The mahogany ground is deep red and round, and the material is excellent. As China â€™s enthusiasm for redwood in the Greater Mekong region continues to rise, it may not only be the extinction of redwood in the trading market, but also in the forest. The deterioration of the environment and increased fire hazards also facilitate hunting and increase the risk of forest disappearance.

The phenomenon of illegal logging in Myanmar also brought a series of socio-economic problems. The fellers had to travel long distances into Senri to risk smuggling timber in the conflict zone like Kachin (the main redwood smuggling route). Some loggers are gone forever after entering the forest. Not only is it the danger of illegal logging, but there may also be a fire in the timber trade. In addition, loggers â€™exposure to drugs increases.

Furniture brand enterprises

Why doesn't Myanmar establish a commercial mahogany plantation? Some tropical tree species can actually grow rapidly, such as rubber wood, eucalyptus and teak. The fact is that the huge mahogany market grows very slowly, and it takes decades to grow to a size that can be bought and sold, and it takes the efforts of generations of growers. This kind of investment has very low feasibility in poor and volatile Myanmar.

A comprehensive ban on illegal logging and sale of rosewood to China is actually beneficial and harmless. Although almost all Burmese redwood transactions are conducted in China, Myanmar has not received any benefits. What â€™s more serious is that almost no taxes are incurred: According to the budget, in 2013 and 2014, Myanmar lost US $ 6 billion due to illegal logging. Despite the urgent need for funds in the country's health, education and environmental protection fields, the black money bought and sold by the Redwood was washed away and went to the pockets of corrupt officials and government buyers.

If Myanmar really wants to solve the redwood crisis and avoid extinction, it needs to learn from other countries. In April of this year, the Myanmar government issued a policy prohibiting the export of logs, but the implementation was not strong enough and had no practical effect. In Madagascar, there is an example that vague and short-term prohibition policies will add fuel to the redwood and black market: during the ban, logging still exists, but black market vendors hoard redwood, causing prices to rise. Greatly rebound.

However, even Myanmar â€™s total ban on redwood exports is estimated to be of no avail. During the export ban in Myanmar, China seized the opportunity to turn the market to Vietnam, which may bring benefits to Vietnam â€™s economy, but it was the country â€™s forest that suffered.

Among the 33 types of mahogany trees widely present in the Chinese market, at least 1/3 are listed in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, and 6 are listed in the International Convention on Endangered Species. Europe, the United States, and Australia have all tightened their redwood import measures. To truly save Burmese redwood forests, China also needs to implement strict control measures.

Editor in charge: GO Jiaju CC

We Manufacture, Exporter & Supplier-Alloy steel WP11 Reducer,ASTM A234 WP91 Reducer, ASTM A420 WPL6 Reducer
We can manufacture two kinds of Pipe Reducer: Concentric Reducer and Eccentric Reducer.Which are commonly used to change the pipe size or pressure in a piping system.
ASTM A234 WP11 reducers, ASTM A234 WP91 reducer, ASTM A420 WPL6 reducer are made of Alloy Steel seamless tube within the range of DN 15 â€“ DN 1000.

Pipe Reducer Fittings Specifications

Pipe Reducer

Nominal Diameter		Outside Diameter		End to End
Nominal Diameter		D1*D2		End to End
DN	NPS	Series A	Series B	H
20Ã—15	3/4Ã—1/2	26.9Ã—21.3	25Ã—18	38
20Ã—10	3/4Ã—3/8	26.9Ã—17.3	25Ã—14	38
25Ã—20	1Ã—3/4	33.7Ã—26.9	32Ã—25	51
25Ã—15	1Ã—1/2	33.7Ã—21.3	32Ã—18	51
32Ã—25	1.1/4Ã—1	42.4Ã—33.7	38Ã—32	51
32Ã—20	1.1/4Ã—3/4	42.4Ã—26.9	38Ã—25	51
32Ã—15	1.1/4Ã—1/2	42.4Ã—21.3	38Ã—18	51
40Ã—32	1.1/2Ã—1.1/4	48.3Ã—42.4	45Ã—38	64
40Ã—25	1.1/2Ã—1	48.3Ã—33.7	45Ã—32	64
40Ã—20	1.1/2Ã—3/4	48.3Ã—26.9	45Ã—25	64
40Ã—15	1.1/2Ã—1/2	48.3Ã—21.3	45Ã—18	64
50Ã—40	2Ã—1.1/2	60.3Ã—48.3	57Ã—45	76
50Ã—32	2Ã—1.1/4	60.3Ã—42.4	57Ã—38	76
50Ã—25	2Ã—1	60.3Ã—33.7	57Ã—32	76
50Ã—20	2Ã—3/4	60.3Ã—26.9	57Ã—25	76
65Ã—50	2.1/2Ã—2	73.0Ã—60.3	76Ã—57	89
65Ã—40	2.1/2Ã—1.1/2	73.0Ã—48.3	76Ã—45	89
65Ã—32	2.1/2Ã—1.1/4	73.0Ã—42.4	76Ã—38	89
65Ã—25	2.1/2Ã—1	73.0Ã—33.7	76Ã—32	89
80Ã—65	3Ã—2.1/2	88.9Ã—73.0	89Ã—76	89
80Ã—50	3Ã—2	88.9Ã—60.3	89Ã—57	89
80Ã—40	3Ã—1.1/2	88.9Ã—48.3	89Ã—45	89
80Ã—32	3Ã—1.1/4	88.9Ã—42.4	89Ã—38	89
90Ã—80	3.1/2Ã—3	101.6Ã—88.9	â€“	102
90Ã—65	3.1/2Ã—2.1/2	101.6Ã—73.0	â€“	102
90Ã—50	3.1/2Ã—2	101.6Ã—60.3	â€“	102
90Ã—40	3.1/2Ã—1.1/2	101.6Ã—48.3	â€“	102
90Ã—32	3.1/2Ã—1.1/4	101.6Ã—42.4	â€“	102
100Ã—90	4Ã—3.1/2	114.3Ã—101.6	â€“	102
100Ã—80	4Ã—3	114.3Ã—88.9	108Ã—89	102
100Ã—65	4Ã—2.1/2	114.3Ã—73.0	108Ã—76	102
100Ã—50	4Ã—2	114.3Ã—60.3	108Ã—57	102
100Ã—40	4Ã—1.1/2	114.3Ã—48.3	108Ã—45	102
125Ã—100	5Ã—4	141.3Ã—114.3	133Ã—108	127
125Ã—90	5Ã—3.1/2	141.3Ã—101.6	â€“	127
125Ã—80	5Ã—3	141.3Ã—88.9	133Ã—89	127
125Ã—65	5Ã—2.1/2	141.3Ã—73.0	133Ã—76	127
125Ã—50	5Ã—2	141.3Ã—60.3	133Ã—57	127
150Ã—125	6Ã—5	168.3Ã—141.3	159Ã—133	140
150Ã—100	6Ã—5	168.3Ã—114.3	159Ã—108	140
150Ã—90	6Ã—3.1/2	168.3Ã—101.6	â€“	140
150Ã—80	6Ã—3	168.3Ã—88.9	159Ã—89	140
150Ã—65	6Ã—2.1/2	168.3Ã—73.0	159Ã—76	140
200Ã—150	8Ã—6	219.1Ã—168.3	219Ã—159	152
200Ã—125	8Ã—5	219.1Ã—141.3	219Ã—133	152
200Ã—100	8Ã—4	219.1Ã—114.3	219Ã—108	152
200Ã—90	8Ã—3.1/2	219.1Ã—101.6	â€“	152
250Ã—200	10Ã—8	273.0Ã—219.1	273Ã—219	178
250Ã—150	10Ã—6	273.0Ã—168.3	273Ã—159	178
250Ã—125	10Ã—5	273.0Ã—141.3	273Ã—133	178
250Ã—100	10Ã—4	273.0Ã—114.3	273Ã—108	178
300Ã—250	12Ã—10	323.9Ã—273.1	325Ã—273	203
300Ã—200	12Ã—8	323.9Ã—219.1	325Ã—219	203
300Ã—150	12Ã—6	323.9Ã—168.3	325Ã—159	203
300Ã—125	12Ã—5	323.9Ã—141.3	325Ã—133	203
350Ã—300	14Ã—12	355.6Ã—323.9	377Ã—325	330
350Ã—250	14Ã—10	355.6Ã—273.0	377Ã—273	330
350Ã—200	14Ã—8	355.6Ã—219.1	377Ã—219	330
350Ã—150	14Ã—6	355.6Ã—168.3	377Ã—159	330
400Ã—350	16Ã—14	406.4Ã—355.6	426Ã—377	356
400Ã—300	16Ã—12	406.4Ã—323.9	426Ã—325	356
400Ã—250	16Ã—10	406.4Ã—273.0	426Ã—273	356
400Ã—200	16Ã—8	406.4Ã—219.1	426Ã—219	356
450Ã—400	18Ã—16	457Ã—406.4	478Ã—426	381
450Ã—350	18Ã—14	457Ã—355.6	478Ã—377	381
450Ã—300	18Ã—12	457Ã—323.9	478Ã—325	381
450Ã—250	18Ã—10	457Ã—273.0	478Ã—273	381
500Ã—450	20Ã—18	508Ã—457	529Ã—478	508
500Ã—400	20Ã—16	508Ã—406.4	529Ã—426	508
500Ã—350	20Ã—14	508Ã—355.6	529Ã—377	508
500Ã—300	20Ã—12	508Ã—323.9	529Ã—325	508
550Ã—500	22Ã—20	559Ã—508	â€“	508
550Ã—450	22Ã—18	559Ã—457	â€“	508
550Ã—400	22Ã—16	559Ã—406.4	â€“	508
550Ã—350	22Ã—14	559Ã—355.6	â€“	508
600Ã—550	24Ã—22	610Ã—559	â€“	508
600Ã—500	24Ã—20	610Ã—508	630Ã—529	508
600Ã—450	24Ã—18	610Ã—457	630Ã—478	508
600Ã—400	24Ã—22	610Ã—406.4	630Ã—426	508
650Ã—600	26Ã—24	660Ã—610	â€“	610
650Ã—550	26Ã—22	660Ã—559	â€“	610
650Ã—500	26Ã—20	660Ã—508	â€“	610
650Ã—450	26Ã—18	660Ã—457	â€“	610
700Ã—650	28Ã—26	711Ã—660	â€“	610
700Ã—600	28Ã—24	711Ã—610	720Ã—630	610
700Ã—550	28Ã—22	711Ã—559	â€“	610
700Ã—500	28Ã—20	711Ã—508	720Ã—530	610
750Ã—700	30Ã—28	762Ã—711	â€“	610
750Ã—650	30Ã—26	762Ã—660	â€“	610
750Ã—600	30Ã—24	762Ã—610	â€“	610
750Ã—550	30Ã—22	762Ã—559	â€“	610
800Ã—750	32Ã—30	813Ã—762	â€“	610
800Ã—700	32Ã—28	813Ã—711	820Ã—720	610
800Ã—650	32Ã—26	813Ã—660	â€“	610
800Ã—600	32Ã—24	813Ã—610	820Ã—630	610
850Ã—800	34Ã—32	864Ã—813	â€“	610
850Ã—750	34Ã—30	864Ã—762	â€“	610
850Ã—700	34Ã—28	864Ã—711	â€“	610
850Ã—650	34Ã—26	864Ã—660	â€“	610
900Ã—850	36Ã—34	914Ã—864	â€“	610
900Ã—800	36Ã—32	914Ã—813	920Ã—820	610
900Ã—750	36Ã—30	914Ã—762	â€“	610
900Ã—700	36Ã—28	914Ã—711	920Ã—720	610
950Ã—900	38Ã—36	965Ã—914	â€“	610
950Ã—850	38Ã—34	965Ã—864	â€“	610
950Ã—800	38Ã—32	965Ã—813	â€“	610
950Ã—750	38Ã—30	965Ã—762	â€“	610
1000Ã—950	40Ã—38	1016Ã—965	â€“	610
1000Ã—900	40Ã—36	1016Ã—914	1020Ã—920	610
1000Ã—850	40Ã—34	1016Ã—864	â€“	610
1000Ã—800	40Ã—32	1016Ã—813	1020Ã—820	610
1050Ã—1000	42Ã—40	1067Ã—1016	â€“	610
1050Ã—950	42Ã—38	1067Ã—965	â€“	610
1050Ã—900	42Ã—36	1067Ã—914	â€“	610
1050Ã—850	42Ã—34	1067Ã—864	â€“	610
1100Ã—1050	44Ã—42	1118Ã—1067	â€“	610
1100Ã—1000	44Ã—40	1118Ã—1016	1120Ã—1020	610
1100Ã—950	44Ã—38	1118Ã—965	â€“	610
1100Ã—900	44Ã—36	1118Ã—914	1220Ã—920	610
1150Ã—1100	46Ã—44	1168Ã—1118	â€“	711
1150Ã—1050	46Ã—42	1168Ã—1067	â€“	711
1150Ã—1000	46Ã—40	1168Ã—1016	â€“	711
1150Ã—950	46Ã—38	1168Ã—965	â€“	711
1200Ã—1150	48Ã—46	1220Ã—1168	â€“	711
1200Ã—1100	48Ã—44	1220Ã—1118	1220Ã—1120	711
1200Ã—1050	48Ã—42	1220Ã—1067	â€“	711
1200Ã—1000	48Ã—40	1220Ã—1016	1220Ã—1020	711

Alloy-Steel-WP11-reducer-Buttweld Fittings

ASTM A420 WPL6 Fitting-Reducer

ASTM-A234-WP11 Fittings manufacturer

ASTM-A234-WP91-Concentric-Reducer

Alloy Reducer

Alloy Reducer,Concentric Reducer,Eccentric Reducer,Pipe Reducer

HEBEI HANMAC MACHINE CO., LTD. , https://www.chinahanmac.com